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Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/alongscenichighwOOnortrich 


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This  publication  is  intended 
to  cover  only  the  historical, 
scenic,  physical  and  railway 
features  of  a  tourist  trip 
over  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railway  to  the  North  Pa- 
cific Coast.  What  may  be 
termed  the  commercial  and 
industrial  features  are  cov- 
ered in  other  pubhcations 
issued  by  the  Company. 
The  populations  shown 
herein  are  according  to  gov- 
ernment census  of  1920. 


Tf^r  l'AK'M;ri|  'I    I  (hlsARY 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


SAINT  PAUL— MINNEAPOLIS 

Saxni  Paul— Population:  234,698— Altitude:  732  Feet 
Minneapolis— Population:  380,582 — Altitude:  854  Feet 

St.  Paul,  the  capital  of  Minnesota,  and  its  sister  city,  Minneapolis, 
are  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Origin- 
ally a  few  miles  apart,  they  have  grown  together,  and  are  now  aptly 
designated  the  Twin  Cities.  St.  Paul  takes  its  name  from  the  log  chapel 
St.  Paul's,  constructed  on  the  river  bank  by  Father  Gaultier  in  1841, 
and  named  after  the  apostle  St.  Paul.  St.  Anthony  Falls,  at  Minneapolis, 
were  discovered  by  Father  Hennepin  in  1680,  while  descending  the 
Mississippi  River,  a  captive  of  the  Sioux  Indians.  The  State  Capitol, 
at  St.  Paul,  is  generally  admitted  to  be  one  of  the  finest  structures  of 
its  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  great  marble  pile,  costing  five  million 
dollars,  with  its  massive  dome,  is  seen  from  every  direction  and  should 
be  visited  by  outsiders.  Its  beautiful  interior,  the  splendor  of  its  mural 
decorations,  and  the  exquisite  beauty  of  its  colonnades  and  corridors 
have  given  it  a  fine  distinction  among  our  nation's  public  buildings. 
The  large  paintings  and  other  art  subjects  which  adorn  it  perpetuate 
important  historical  events  of  the  Northwest,  and  are  the  work  of  such 
artists  as  Cox,  Millet,  Blashfield,  Volk,  French,  La  Farge,  Simmons, 
Zogbaum,  Pyle,  Potter  and  Walker. 

Flanking  the  Capitol  is  the  Historical  Library,  erected  by  the  State 
at  a  cost  of  a  half  million  dollars,  and  a  worthy  companion  to  the  Capitol. 
The  huge  Auditorium,  in  the  center  of  the  business  district,  with  its 
magnificent  $60,000  organ,  is  well  worth  a  visit  by  strangers  passing 
through  the  city. 

[Page   J] 


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in 


c^long  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


A  Birdseye  View  of  the  Minnesota  State  Capitol  and  the  State  Historical  Society  Building,  St. 

Paul,   From  an  Aeroplane. 

The  State  University  is  located^on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Minneapolis;  it  is  being  expanded  rapidly  to  meet  the 
educational  demands  of  the  State,  and  now  has  an  attendance  of  nearly 
7y500.  It  is  most  liberally  supported  by  the  State,  which  has  a  laudible 
ambition  to  make  it  a  center  of  education  and  learning  worthy  of  a  great 
commonwealth. 

Fort  Snelling,  now  one  of  the  largest  military  posts  (about  2,400 
acres)  in  the  Northwest,  was  established  by  Colonels  Leavenworth  and 
Snelling  in  1819  and  1820.  The  fort  occupies  a  beautiful  and  command- 
ing site  at  the  junction  of  the  Minnesota  and  Mississippi  rivers;  is  reached 
by  a  thirty  minutes'  ride  on  an  electric  street  car  line  from  either  city, 
and  is  well  worth  a  visit.  The  site  of  the  fort  was  procured  from  the 
Sioux  Indians  under  a  treaty  made  in  1805  by  Lieut.  Zebulon  M.  Pike. 
It  was  part  of  100,000  acres  worth  $200,000  for  which  we  gave  $2,000. 

The  Twin  Cities  are  important  railroad  centers,  being  served  by  ten 
large  railroad  systems,  besides  electric  interurban  lines  to  neighboring 
cities  and  towns.  They  have  an  extensive  jobbing  business  extending 
over  the  entire  Northwest,  also  large  and  rapidly  growing  manufacturing 
interests.  The  water  power  of  St.  Anthony  Falls  has  been  developed, 
producing  45,000  horse  power,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  used  by  the 
numerous — 22 — flour  mills  which  line  the  banks  of  the  river  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  Falls  and  have  a  capacity  of  84,000  barrels  of  flour  a  day, 
making  Minneapolis  the  largest  flour  milling  point  in  the  United  States, 
and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 

Several  days  can  be  profitably  and  enjoyably  spent  in  viewing  the 
Twin  Cities  and  the  surrounding  country,  but  for  the  traveler  who  has 

\rnsc    ^] 


c/ilong  the  Scenic  Highway 


A  Bit  of  Summit  Atemic,  the  Noted  Boule-rard  of  St.  Paul. 

only  a  few  hours  to  spare  a  most  enjoyable  trip  may  be  made  by  street 
cars,  the  lines  of  the  one  company  which  operates  in  both  cities  forming 
a  network  reaching  all  the  points  of  interest.  An  automobile  trip  fre- 
quently taken  by  travelers  who  have  only  a  few  hours  to  spare,  and  one 
keenly  enjoyed,  is  as  follows:  Starting  at  St.  Paul,  and  out  Summit  Ave- 
nue, the  principal  residence  street,  to  the  Mississippi  River,  then  follow- 
ing the  boulevard  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river  to  and  crossing  the  bridge 
at  Fort  Snelling,  through  the  fort  and  entering  Minneapohs,  then  to 
Minnehaha  Falls,  immortalized  by  Longfellow,  through  the  grounds  of 
the  Soldiers*  Home,  then  by  Minnehaha  Boulevard  to  and  around  lakes 
Harriet,  Nokomis,  Calhoun  and  the  Lake  of  the  Isles,  then  through  the 
residential  and  business  districts  of  Minneapolis  across  the  Mississippi 
River,  through  the  State  University  grounds,  thence,  leaving  Minne- 
apohs and  again  entering  St.  Paul,  to  Como  Park  and  Lake  Como,  re- 
turning via  Lexington  and  University  Avenues,  past  the  State  Capitol 
and  through  the  business  district  of  St.  Paul,  to  the  starting  point.  This 
trip  is  made  in  four  hours,  over  first  class  roads,  and  gives  the  traveler 
an  opportunity  to  see  the  business  and  residential  districts  of  both  cities, 
their  beautiful  park  systems,  and  numerous  other  points  of  interest. 

The  Northern  Pacific  is  about  completing  another — a  fifth — large 
sanatorium  and  hospital  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Beneficial  Association 
at  St.  Paul. 

[Page  5] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


A  Skyline  Viezu  of  the  Business  Section  of  Minneapolis. 

ANOKA 

Population:  4,  287— Altitude:  904  Feet 

Almost  before  the  train  passes  beyond  the  city  limits  of  MinneapoHs 
the  traveler  enters  an  excellent  farming  district,  which  extends  westward 
across  the  boundary  of  Minnesota  and  into  the  ''Granary  of  the  World" 
— the  great  wheat  plains  of  the  Northwest.  Anoka,  a  thriving  city,  lies 
on  the  banks  of  Rum  River,  its  residential  district  extending  south  to 
the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  tributary  farming  country,  rich 
in  agricultural  wealth — potatoes  particularly — affords  it  a  considerable 
mercantile  business  in  addition  to  which  various  manufacturing  lines 
have  been  established  with  success.  Anoka  was  visited  by  Father  Hen- 
nepin near  the  close  of  the  17th  century.  Just  after  passing  Anoka  the 
new  buildings  of  the  Anoka  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  can  be  seen  to 
the  eastward. 

From  St.  Paul  to  Gregory  the  Northern  Pacific  is  double  tracked. 
There  are,  also,  other  large  sections  of  the  road  double  tracked,  par- 
ticularly among  the  mountains  and  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  A  large  part 
of  the  road  is  also  protected  by  electric  safety  automatic  block  signals. 
Of  the  total  Northern  Pacific  main  line  mileage,  St.  Paul  to  Portland, 
about  82  per  cent  is  thus  protected  by  automatic  block  signals  and  30 
per  cent  is  double  tracked.  These  improvements  are,  naturally,  found 
where  the  density  of  traffic  is  greatest  and  are  being  added  to  yearly. 

The  Northern  Pacific  main  line  follows  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  to  Little  Falls  before  it  takes  the  more  westerly  direction 
towards  the  Pacific  Coast. 

ST.  CLOUD 

Population:  15,873— Altitude:  1,049  Feet 
St.  Cloud  is  located  in  the  center  of  a  district  noted  for  its  quarries 
of  fine  granite.  From  these  quarries,  shipments  of  cut  stone  are  made 
to  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  St.  Cloud  granite  entered  largely  into 
the  construction  of  Minnesota's  state  capitol.  The  industry  employs 
many  men  and  is  capable  of  great  development. 

IPage    6] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

Situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River,  St.  Cloud  has  an 
electric  power  plant  costing  $4,000,000  and  supplying  power  and  hght 
to  51  towns  in  central  Minnesota.  It  is  the  location  of  one  of  several 
State  Normal  schools  for  the  training  of  school  teachers,  and  of  the 
State  Reformatory,  the  extensive  buildings  of  which  are  seen  on  the 
left  of  the  Northern  Pacific  just  before  entering  the  city.  The  city  has 
a  new^  hotel  costing  $600,000. 

LITTLE  FALLS 

Population:  5,500 — Altitude:  1,134  Feet 

Before  reaching  Little  Falls  the  train  passes  a  large  and  very  com- 
plete paper  and  pulp  mill  at  Sartell. 

Little  Falls  is  a  spot  of  wide  repute  and  interest  to  archaeologists  on 
account  of  its  being  the  probable  home  of  **the  most  primitive  man 
known  in  the  anthropologic  history  of  the  Upper  Mississippi."  Ancient 
quartz  implements  found  here  are  held  to  establish  this  fact. 

Enjoying  the  same  advantageous  situation  on  the  banks  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  as  does  St.  Cloud,  Little  Falls  has  also  made  extensive  use 
of  its  immense  water  power,  and  a  large  dam  across  the  Mississippi  and 
canals  furnish  over  10,000  horse  power  for  flour,  pulp,  paper  and  sulphite 
mills,  as  w^ell  as  for  its  electric  light  plant  and  numerous  other  industries. 
Its  flour  mills  have  a  daily  output  of  1,500  barrels;  it  manufactures  a 
superior  quality  of  brick,  and  a  large  paper  products  company  is  turning 


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iPage   7] 


c^llong  the  Scenic  Highway 


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In    the   Minneapolis    Wholesale   District. 


out  all  kinds  of  paper  boxes,  egg  cases,  cuspidors,  etc.  Its  business  houses 
handle  a  large  trade  with  the  rich  agricultural  districts  tributary  to  the 
city. 

Morrison  County,  of  which  Little  Falls  is  the  county  seat,  is  rapidly 

[Page  8] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


A  Mammoth  Lake  Freighter  Loading  Minnesota  Iron  Ore  at  Duluth. 

coming  to  the  front  in  dairying,  and  has  properly  been  designated  as  the 
"Bread  and  Butter  County,"  having  taken  first  prize  a ;  the  Minnesota 
State  Fair.  It  has  many  large  creameries  which  produce  an  excellent 
quahty  of  butter,  also  ice  cream  and  candy  factories,  and  a  large  con- 
densed milk  plant.  A  black  granite,  inferior  to  none  in  the  country,  is 
a  predominant  asset  and  the  demand  at  present  is  much  larger  than  the 
local  plants  can  supply. 

This  section  of  Minnesota  raises  large  quantities  of  fine  potatoes. 

Little  Falls  is  the  junction  of  two  Northern  Pacific  branch  lines;  one 
extends  north  to  Brainerd,  Minnesota,  where  connections  are  made  for 
Duluth,  Superior  and  Ashland,  and  with  points  on  the  Minnesota  &  In- 
ternational and  Big  Fork  &  International  Falls  railways  extending  north- 
ward through  Walker,  Bemidji,  Black  Duck  and  Big  Falls  to  the  Can- 
adian boundary  and  Rainy  Lake  country  at  International  Falls  and  Fort 
Frances;  the  other  runs  west  to  Sauk  Center,  Glenwood  and  Morris, 
Minnesota,  in  the  center  of  the  wheat  raising  country. 

DULUTH 

Population:  98,917— Altitude:  626  Feet 
Duluth  is  situated  at  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior.    It  is 

iPage  p] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 


•PBH^^J^P™.- 


Superior,    Wisconsin,    an   Important   Lake   Superior   Port. 

named  for  Daniel  Greysolon  Du  Luth,  one  of  the  most  hardy  and  in- 
teresting explorers  and  adventurers  of  the  seventeenth  century.  This 
city,  with  Superior,  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  great  cities  of  the 
Northwest.  Together,  they  form  the  third  largest  port  in  the  world, 
and  the  Duluth-Superior  harbor,  with  its  forty-nine  miles  of  waterfront, 
is  one  of  the  best  natural  harbors  in  the  world. 

Skirting  this  large  harbor  are  immense  grain  elevators  with  a  storage 
capacity  of  36,325,000  bushels;  coal  docks  capable  of  storing  10,000,000 
tons  of  coal;  iron  ore  docks  from  which  are  shipped  annually  30,000,000 
tons  of  ore,  together  with  flour  mills  and  lumber  and  merchandise  docks 
of  great  magnitude. 

The  growth  of  the  lake  commerce  at  Duluth-Superior  is  shown  by 
the  increase  from  1,000,000  tons  in  1880  to  from  40,000,000  to  50,000,000 
tons  annually. 

The  Minnesota  Steel  Company's  plant  is  located  in  Duluth.  A 
prospective  addition  to  the  $26,000,000  plant  includes  four  new  mills — 
a  wire,  nail,  tinplate  and  sheet  mill. 

There  are  found  here  large  manufacturing  and  merchandise  plants, 
forty  school  buildings,  one  of  the  two  or  three  finest  high  school  buildings 
in  the  country,  a  Normal  school,  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building,  a  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
building  and  eighty-two  churches. 

Building]permits  in  1919  amounted  to  $5,453,463. 

The  annual  grain  shipments  from  Duluth  range  from  50,000,000  to 

iPcge  /o] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 

90,000,000  bushels,  and  from  8,000,000  to  11,000,000  tons  of  coal  are  re- 
ceived on  the  immense  coal  docks. 

The  city  owns  and  operates  its  own  gas  and  water  plants  and  gas  is 
supplied  to  the  consumer  at  seventy-five  cents  a  thousand  cubic  feet. 

An  aerial  elevator  tramway  across  the  Duluth  harbor  entrance  is  one 
of  the  interesting  sights  of  the  city. 

Isle  Royale,  well  over  toward  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  a 
very  attractive  spot  where  hay  fever  is  said  to  be  unknown,  is  reached 
by  large,  modern  steamers  which  ply  between  Duluth  and  Port  Arthur, 
Canada,  and  Isle  Royale. 

SUPERIOR,  WIS. 

Population:  39,671— Altitude:  648  Feet 

Superior  lies  on  the  Wisconsin  side  of  St.  Louis  Bay  and  River,  and 
also  borders  on  Superior  and  Allouez  Bays.  The  Northern  Pacific  con- 
nects Superior  and  Duluth  by  means  of  two  bridges  and  there  is  also  an 
interstate  railway,  wagon  and  trolley  car  bridge.  The  city  is  built  on 
level  ground  and  boasts  enormous  elevators  and  flour  mills.  Coal,  ore 
and  merchandise  docks  line  the  long  water  front,  which  represents  one  of 
the  finest  examples  of  concentrated  industry  in  the  country.  The  city 
is  well  supplied  with  water,  electric  and  gas  light  systems,  street  rail- 
ways, schools,  churches,  opera  houses,  theaters,  banks,  hospitals,  etc. 
It  has  a  $50,000  Carnegie  library,  a $500,000  State  Normal  School,  a  new 


One  of  the  Noted  Pot  Holes  on  the  Banks  of  the  St.  Croix  River  at  Taylor's  Falls,  Minnesota. 

IP  age   //] 


c^llong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 

$300,000  high  school  building,  and  coal  docks  costing  a  million  dollars 
each,  the  capacity  of  the  largest  being  2,000,000  tons.  Also  new  govern- 
ment piers  and  breakwater. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  at  Superior-Duluth  the  important  railway 
systems  of  the  Northwest  connect  with  the  water  transportation  lines  of 
the  Great  Lakes  these  two  cities  are  commercial  and  industrial  strategic 
centers  of  great  importance.  This  fact  has  been  recognized  by  the  U.  S. 
Steel  Corporation,  which  has  invested  $26,000,000  in  a  steel  plant  on  the 
St.  Louis  River  near  its  mouth  where  the  fine  water  power  of  the  stream 
is  easily  available. 

The  iron  ores  of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  are  shipped  from  Duluth- 
Superior  down  the  lakes  and  the  eastern  coal  used  in  the  Northwest  is 
largely  shipped  to,  and  distributed  from  these  points. 

Large  shipbuilding  plants  are  found,  and  in  these  many  of  the  monster 
lake  ore  and  coal  carriers  are  constructed. 

The  country  tributary  to  these  cities  is  particularly  adapted  to  dairy 
and  truck  farming  and  the  prices  of  land  are  as  yet  extremely  reasonable. 

As  a  summer  health  and  recreation  resort  the  lake  region,  including 
Ashland,  Washburn  and  Isle  Royale  in  Lake  Superior,  cannot  be  sur- 
passed, and  hay  fever  patients  are  entirely  relieved  or  greatly  benefited 
here. 

The  popular  Wisconsin  trout  streams  on  the  Northern  Pacific  be- 
tween Superior  and  Ashland  are  frequented  by  anglers  from  various  parts 
of  the  country. 

Westbound  passengers  on  the  Northern  Pacific  leaving  Duluth-Su- 
perior  pass  through  Carlton — where  the  more  direct  "Duluth-Superior 
Short  Line'*  of  the  Northern  Pacific  for  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  is 
crossed — ^Aitkin,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  Deerwood,  a  popular 
and  beautiful  summer  lake  outing  spot. 

BRAINERD 

Population:  9,591— Altitude:  1,231  Feet 

Brainerd,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  is  one  of  the  important  towns  in 
this  part  of  Minnesota.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  Lawrence  Brainerd, 
father-in-law  of  J.  Gregory  Smith,  one  of  the  earlier  presidents  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  Here  are  located  very  extensive  machine  shops  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  among  the  largest  in  the  country.  A  sanatorium  and 
hospital  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Beneficial  Association  of  the  railway  is 
also  located  here,  on  a  high  bluff  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Brainerd  is 
an  important  lumber  point. 

At  Brainerd  is  located  the  eastern  tie  treating  plant  of  the  Northern 
Pacific.  The  plant  cost  $125,000  and  has  a  capacity  of  1,000,000  ties  a 
year.  The  ties  are  treated  with  creosote,  which  materially  adds  to  their 
life  and  durability. 

The     Northern     Minn  esota     Coun  t r}^ 

The  country  north  of  Brainerd  along  the  Minnesota  &  International 

iPoge  M] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


[^•f  »rt 


c^llong  the  Sc e"n ic  Highwa}^ 


Only    One    of    Minnesota's    Ten    Thousand    Lakes. 


and  allied  railways,  a  branch  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  is  a  virgin 
hunting  and  fishing  ground  and  Brainerd  is  the  natural  gateway  to  it. 
Deer,  bear,  bass,  muscalonge,  etc.,  are  found. 

WALKER 

Population:  785— Altitude:  496  Feet 

Walker,  county  seat  of  Cass  County,  is  most  attractively  located  on 
the  largest  body  of  water  entirely  within  the  boundaries  of  one  county 
in  Minnesota.  Nearby  is  the  State  Sanitorium  and  Onigum,  the  head- 
quarters for  Indian  affairs  in  this  district.  There  is  a  sawmill  for  by- 
products of  logs,  a  boat  factory  and  farming. 

New  buildings  are  springing  up  and  the  new  Chase  hotel  of  85  rooms 
it  is  thought  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in  the  summer  of  1921.  There  is 
a  strong  auto  club  and  it  has  spacious  clubrooms.  Walker  needs  some 
cheese  and  barrel  factories,  and  another  boat  factory.  A  pronounced 
attraction  for  the  tourist  is  found  in  the  fishing.  That  term  is  synony- 
mous with  Leech  Lake,  which  fact  is  attested  by  the  great  number  of 
persons  who  come  to  this  lake  year  after  year  for  that  sport  alone.  There 
are  numerous  trips  to  points  of  interest  around  the  shores  of  the  lake  for 
those  not  desiring  to  battle  with  the  denizens  of  the  deep,  but  who  enjoy 

[Page  14} 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


One  of  the  Attractive   Vacation   Spots  at  the  Detroit  Lakes,   Minnesota. 


recreation,  pure  and  simple,  in  the  haunts  of  old  Mother  Nature.  For 
those  desiring  to  invest  in  good  farm  lands  and  establish  homes  in  a 
healthful  and  delightful  locality,  there  are  splendid  opportunities  in  the 
Leech  Lake  region. 

BEMIDJI 

Population:  7,086— Altitude:  1,371  Feet 

Bemidji,  Minn.,  is  on  Bemidji  Lake  and  near  Itasca  State  Park,  the 
source  of  the  Mississippi  River.  It  offers  unexcelled  advantages  in  a 
desirable  climate,  with  pure  water,  beautiful  natural  parks  and  boule- 
vards on  the  borders  of  two  lakes  and  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  well 
sheltered  by  large  forests  of  virgin  pine,  affording  an  invigorating  ozone. 

It  is  easy  of  access,  being  reached  either  from  the  Twin  Cities  or  from 
Duluth-Superior  by  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Minnesota  &  Inter- 
national Railways,  the  latter  being  one  of  the  Northern  Pacific  family 
of  rail  lines.  Numerous  highways,  additional  to  the  rail  lines,  make 
Bemidji  a  distributing  center  for  the  northern  Minnesota  country  and 
its  many  tourist  resorts  and  camps.  There  are  sawmills  and  factories, 
wholesale  and  retail  establishments  of  excellence  and  unusually  good 
hotel  accommodations. 

From  Bemidji  one  may  select  any  one  of  the  hundreds  of  lakes  and 
streams  in  the  region  where  fish  in  most  of  the  northern  lakes  varieties 
may  be  found  for  piscatorial  pleasures.    The  genuine  sportsman,  too, 

iPage  J5] 


oblong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


i»  ^' 


u       Hf    r-m 


At   Coffee    Lake    on    the    Northern    Pacific-Dulu'th    Shdrt   Line. 


may  enjoy  real  happiness  here,  for  there  are  deer,  moose,  partridge, 
grouse,  prairie  chicken  and  ducks. 

Within  convenient  distance  of  Bemidji,  and  with  good  auto  roads, 
lies  Lake  Itasca,  the  extreme  source  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  The  Itasca 
region  belongs  to  the  State  of  Minnesota  and  is  super-excellent  in  its 
scenic  and  ozonic  aspects.     It  is  well  equipped  for  tourist  travel. 

At  International  Falls  and  Fort  Frances  there  is  a  great  water  power; 
30,000  horsepower  is  in  practical  use.  A  very  large  paper  mill  is  estab- 
lished here. 

This  locality  has  a  great  reputation  for  the  immunity  which  it  gives 
to  victims  of  hay  fever.  In  Rainy  Lake,  only  a  few  miles  distant  from 
International  Falls  and  Fort  Frances,  there  are  hundreds  of  beautiful 
islands  of  all  sizes.  These  have  been  more  or  less  taken  up  as  summer 
outing  places,  to  a  great  extent,  by  those  who  are  afflicted  by  hay 
fever  and  who  have  here  experienced,  generally,  entire  relief  from  this 
trouble. 

Farther  west,  and  reached  by  both  steamer  and  train  from  these 

iPagt    16} 


c>41ong  the  Scenic  Highway^ 

towns,  is  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
bodies  of  water  in  the  entire  country.  It  is,  in  its  upper  half,  crowded 
with  beautiful  islands  and  the  tour  of  the  lake  is  full  of  interest  and 
pleasure — a  duplication  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  Thousand  Islands 
tour. 

STAPLES 

Population:  2,570— Altitude:  1,298  Feet 

Staples  is  a  district  terminal.  Also  the  location  of  Northern  Pacific 
machine  shops,  roundhouse  and  yards  which  have  been  recently  ex- 
tended and  improved  to  care  for  an  increasing  railway  business. 
Between  Staples  and  Brainerd,  and  Duluth,  Minnesota,  and  Superior, 
Wisconsin,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Superior,  through  train  service  is  main- 
tained with  main  Hne  trains  to  and  from  the  North  Pacific  Coast  and  the 
Twin  Cities,  in  connection  with  the  steamer  trips  up  or  down  the  great 
lakes.  From  Duluth  and  Superior  the  Northern  Pacific  tracks  and  train 
service  extend  to  Ashland,  Wisconsin,  thus  affording  a  direct  route  be- 
tween Wisconsin  and  Lake  Superior  points  and  the  Red  River  Valley, 
North  Dakota,  Montana,  and  the  Coast. 

At  Carlton,  a  junction  of  the  main  line  east  and  west  with  the  direct 
line  Duluth-Superior  to  St.  Paul-Minneapolis,  a  branch  Hne  passes 
northward  to  Cloquet,  a  great  timber  and  lumber  mart. 

WADENA 

Population:  2,186— Altitude:  1,372  Feet 

Wadena  is  located  in  the  Minnesota  Lake  Park  region.  The  tributary 
country  produces  large  cereal  crops,  potatoes  and  vegetables  in  abun- 
dance. During  the  past  few  years  the  creamery  industry  has  been  mak- 
ing rapid  strides  and  promises  to  largely  increase  Wadena's  importance 
as  a  shipping  point.    It  now  is  a  heavy  potato  shipping  point. 

From  Wadena  a  branch  line  extends  southwest  through  a  fine  farming 
and  dairy  country  to  Fergus  Falls,  Breckenridge,  and  Wahpeton  to 
Oakes,  North  Dakota. 


PERHAM 

Population:  1,370— Altitude:  1,390  Feet 

Perham  was  named  for  Josiah  Perham,  the  first  president  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Beautiful  lakes  make  it  a  summer  outing 
point  of  increasing  importance.  Splendid  fishing  and  boating  and  good 
quail  and  prairie  chicken  shooting  are  to  be  had  in  season,  and  the  hotel 
accommodations  are  good.  It  has  a  large  flour  mill  and  several  large 
grain  elevators  in  addition  to  other  business  enterprises.  The  Ottertail 
River,  rising  in  the  lakes  north  of  Perham,  flows  through  Ottertail  Lake 
and  is  one  of  the  two  main  branches  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North  which, 
after  a  southerly  course,  flows  north  to  Lake  Winnipeg  in  Manitoba. 

[Page  17} 


c>41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Fort    Garry    Gatezvay   Park,   Hotel  and  Fort   Garry   Gate,    Winnipeg,   Manitoba.      The   Gate   is 
All  that  Remains  of  the  Old  Hudson's  Bay   Trading  Post. 


FRAZEE 

Population:  1,277— Altitude:  1,410  Feet 
Frazee  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  agricultural  country  and  is  prospering. 
The  lakes  round  about  supply  good  fishing  and  are  attractive  pleasuring 
spots  for  summer  camping  and  outings.  The  country  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Frazee  is  the  highest  in  elevation  in  this  part  of  the  state  and 
affords  splendid  climatic  advantages  for  those  desiring  to  five  an  out-of- 
door  fife  during  the  heated  summer  months. 

DETROIT 

Population:  3,426— Altitude:  1,386  Feet 
Detroit  is  located  on  the  western  edge  of  the  Lake  Park  region  and  is 
a  well  known  Minnesota  summering  place.  Beautiful  Detroit  Lake,  with 
its  thirty-seven  miles  of  shorehne,  is  exceptionally  attractive.  On  its 
shores  are  many  summer  homes  belonging  to  people  from  the  town  itself 
and  from  other  distant  points.  From  Detroit  Lake  a  river  channel  leads 
southward  into  and  through  a  series  of  other  lakes  of  equal  beauty,  and 
each  of  which  aff'ords  excellent  black  bass  and  pike  fishing  and  boating. 
By  means  of  canal  locks  these  lakes  and  the  river  are  made  jointly 
navigable,  and  large  motor  boats  make  trips  at  stated  intervals  daily 

[Page  m 


(L/4.1ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

during  the  summer  season.  The  trip  is  an  unusual  one  of  its  kind, 
affording  keen  pleasure  and  enjoyment  to  the  large  number  of  tourists 
who  yearly  visit  Detroit  and  its  charming  lakes. 

There  are  numerous  and  good  hotels  on  these  various  lakes.  Ap- 
pointments are  modern,  prices  very  reasonable. 

Ten  lakes  of  importance  are  within  easy  reach  of  the  town,  and  as 
many  more  of  smaller  size  are  found  within  a  ten  mile  radius.  The  place 
is  very  attractively  situated  on  the  rolling  prairie  in  a  healthy  country. 
It  has  good  churches  and  is  a  most  desirable  summer  outing  spot. 

The  drinking  water  used  on  Northern  Pacific  dining  cars  and  trains 
comes  from  Pokegama  Spring  on  the  shore  of  Detroit  Lake. 

North  from  Detroit  lies  the  White  Earth  Ojibwa  Indian  Reservation. 
This  tribe  drove  the  Sioux  out  of  Minnesota  to  the  western  plains  in  the 
days  when  the  Red  Men  enjoyed  exclusive  occupancy  of  the  country. 

RED  RIVER  BRANCH  LINE 

From  Manitoba  Junction,  on  the  main  line,  a  Northern  Pacific 
branch  line  extends  to  Winnipeg,  Manitoba.  The  following  named 
places  are  important  points  on  this  line. 

CROOKSTON 

Population:  6,825— Altitude:  900  Feet 

Crookston  is  a  city  of  paved  and  electric  lighted  streets,  and  has  also 
gas,  water  and  sewer  systems.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Polk  County. 
One  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  stations  of  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota is  located  here. 

In  the  heart  of  the  agricultural  center  of  the  Red  River  Valley,  it  is 
the  home  of  the  Red  River  Valley  Winter  Shows  held  annually  in  the 
famous  live  stock  pavilion  built  and  owned  by  two  thousand  farmers  of 
northwestern  Minnesota. 

GRAND  FORKS 

Population:  14,010— Altitude:  855  Feet 

Grand  Forks  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  North  Dakota,  which 
has  a  faculty  of  100  and  a  student  body  of  1,100. 

It  is  an  enterprising  city  with  electric  street  railway,  good  hotels, 
brilliantly  lighted  streets,  etc.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Grand  Forks 
County  and  is  the  commercial  center  of  a  large  portion  of  the  Northwest. 
It  is  a  city  of  many  factories,  mills  and  wholesale  houses. 

GRAFTON 

Population:  2,512 — Altitude:  850  Feet 

Grafton  is  also  a  progressive,  modern  little  city,  the  county  seat  of 
Walsh  county.  North  Dakota.  It  is  possessed  of  the  usual  complement 
of  public  utilities,  paved  streets,  etc.,  and  has  ample  educational  facilities, 
factories,  mills,  etc.,  which  bespeak  its  industrial  activity. 

iPage  ip] 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highways 


There   Is   No    Limit  to   the  Number  in   Minnesota   Lakes. 


WINNIPEG 

Population:  272,000— Altitude:  853  Feet 

La  Verendrye  and  Selkirk  are  the  most  interesting  figures  on  the 
historical  canvas  of  the  Canadian  Northwest — the  former  as  a  discoverer, 
in  1738,  and  the  latter  as  a  colonizer,  in  1812.  La  Verendrye  discovered 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  Winnipeg  River,  Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  site  of 
the  City  of  Winnipeg.  Here  were  erected  four  frontier  forts  around 
which  gathered  some  of  the  most  interesting  events  connected  with  the 
Northwest.     In  1860  the  first  house  in  Winnipeg  was  erected. 

All  outside  communication  was  by  Red  River  cart  overland  to  St. 
Paul. 

In  1873  Winnipeg  was  incorporated  as  a  city  with  a  population  of 
1,800.  The  seat  of  government  for  the  Province  of  Manitoba,  it  is 
situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Assinniboine  and  Red  rivers,  and  is  the 
head  of  navigation  for  vessels  navigating  Lake  Winnipeg. 

Not  only  is  Winnipeg  the  greatest  cash  grain  market  in  the  world 
and  the  distributing  center  for  Western  Canada,  but  it  is  an  important 
manufacturing  center. 

[Page  2o'\ 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

With  the  harnessing  of  the  great  power  resources  of  the  Winnipeg 
River,  the  value  of  output  has  increased  from  $39,000,000  in  1910  to 
$120,000,000  at  the  present  time,  with  725  industrial  plants  and  more 
than  19,000  people  engaged  in  industrial  pursuits. 

Winnipeg  is  the  educational  center  of  Western  Canada;  maintains 
37  parks  and  27  playgrounds,  some  of  them  among  the  finest  natural 
beauty  spots  in  Canada. 

In  the  heart  of  Winnipeg  there  still  stands  one  of  the  historic  treasures 
of  the  past,  Old  Fort  Garry  Gateway,  all  that  is  left  of  the  historic  Fort 
erected  by  the  Hudson^s  Bay  Company,  before  the  beginning  of  the 
City  of  Winnipeg. 

In  old  Fort  Rouge — one  of  the  Verendrye  forts — south  of  the  Asssi- 
niboine  River,  are  residential  mansions  comparing  very  favorably  with 
those  found  in  the  older  cities  of  the  East. 

The  city  has  its  own  hydro-electric  power  system,  which  supplies 
the  cheapest  power  on  the  American  continent  for  manufacturing  pur- 
poses, and  electric  light  at  cost. 

Winnipeg,  the  greatest  transportation  center  in  Canada,  has  27  rail- 
way lines  radiating  from  the  city,  over  fifty  churches,  a  provincial  capitol, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  costing  over  $8,000,000,  a  Carnegie  library, 
art  gallery,  museum  and  industrial  exposition. 

Pure,  soft  water  is  brought  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  in  an  aque- 
duct, constructed  at  a  cost  of  $16,000,000. 

MAIN  LINE 

DILWORTH 

Population:  882— Altitude:  933  Feet 
Dilworth  is  a  railway  division  terminal  and  the  railway  yards  and 
plant  are  very  extensive  and  in  general  combine  the  latest  ideas  in  rail- 
way usage.  The  overcrowded  condition  of  the  railway  yards  at  Fargo 
forced  the  company  to  move  to  a  spot  where  "elbow  room"  could  be 
found  for  the  large  shops  and  various  facilities  required  for  an  increasing 
traffic,  and  Dilworth  is  the  result. 

MOORHEAD 

Population:  5,720— Altitude:  929  Feet 
Moorhead,  county  seat  of  Clay  County,  noted  for  its  herds  of  Hol- 
steins  and  its  great  potato  and  wheat  fields,  lies  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  the  boundary  line  between  Minnesota  and 
North  Dakota.  With  Fargo,  it  is  an  important  railway  center  for  many 
main  and  branch  line  points  in  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota.  The  city 
owns  a  fine  electric  light  and  artesian  water  plant,  has  electric  railways 
connecting  it  with  Fargo  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  and  Dilworth  on 
the  east.  Moorhead  has  four  banks,  good  hotels,  a  canning  factory, 
creameries,  silo  manufacturing  plant,  elevators,  a  flat  steel  manufactory, 
a  fine  Federal  building,  a  State  Normal  school,  Concordia  College,  St. 
Joseph  (Catholic)  Academy,  and  a  new  half  million  dollar  high  school. 
It  was  named  after  Wm.  G.  Moorhead,  a  former  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way director  and  is  one  of  the  important  crop  shipping  points  of  the  Red 
River  Valley. 

iPagt  2i'\ 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


.M 


^ 


FARGO 

Population:  21,961— Altitude:  926  Feet 

Just  across  the  river  from  Moorhead  lies  Fargo,  the  gateway  to,  and 
the  largest  city  in.  North  Dakota.  It  was  named  for  Wm.  G.  Fargo,  of 
the  Wells,  Fargo  Express  Co.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  North  Dakota  Agri- 
cultural College  and  U.  S.  Experiment  Station,  and  is  an  important 
manufacturing  and  distributing  center.  Fargo  is  one  of  the  great  farm 
machinery  depots  of  the  United  States,  has  extensive  warehouses  for  the 
handling  of  all  farm  implements  and  equipment  and  it  has  a  large  whole- 
sale trade.  It  has  a  $175,000  Federal  building,  a  1100,000  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
building  and  many  other  fine  business  houses,  schools  and  costly  homes. 
There  are  several  newspapers,  two  of  which  are  published  daily,  a  college, 
numerous  churches,  a  fine  Masonic  building,  and  excellent  schools  with 
a  wide  attendance  from  western  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota.  The 
Fargo  Commercial  Club  will  answer  all  inquiries  about  the  city.  The 
Fargo  and  Southwestern  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  line  runs  south- 
west through  a  good  farming  country  to  Edgeley  and  Streeter,  North 
Dakota. 

Fargo  is  one  of  the  most  important  points  in  the  Red  River  Valley, 
which  valley  extends  to  the  north  beyond  the  International  Boundary 
and  for  d  considerable  distance  also,  to  the  south.  On  the  main  line  at 
Haggart,  just  west  of  Fargo,  there  is  an  Equity  Co-operative  Packing 
plant. 

The  Valley  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North  was,  some  6,000  to  10,000 
years  ago,  a  great  lake  which  existed  for  a  thousand  years.  Prior  to  that 
time  there  was  a  glacier  there.  The  lake,  which  was  700  miles  long  and 
had  an  area  of  110,000  sqlikr^iniles,  has  been  called  Lake  Agassiz,  after 
the  late  Prof.  Louis  Agassiz,  who  was  a  special  student  of,  and  an  au- 
thority upon,  glacial  geology. 

iPage  sz'] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 


One    of    North    Dakota's    Attractive    Farm    Homes. 

The  lower  end  of  the  valley — the  Red  River  runs  northward — about 
Winnipeg  was  the  "stamping  ground"  of  early  explorers  and  traders. 
Verandrye  was  there  early  in  the  eighteenth  century;  Alexander  Henry 
was  in  the  region  during  the  first  years  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and 
in  1812  the  Earl  of  Selkirk  established  his  ill-fated  colony  in  the  vicinity 
of  Winnipeg. 

The  valley  proper  varies  from  thirty  to  seventy  miles  in  width  and  is 
300  miles  long. 

It  is  noted  for  the  quality  of  its  wheat,  and  is  called  the  "Bread 
Basket  of  the  World."  Diversified  farming  is  being  practiced  more  and 
more,  and  flax  and  live  stock  are  now  very  important  products  of  the 
valley. 

CASSELTON 

Population:  1,538— Altitude:  961  Feet 

Casselton  is  named  for  Geo.  W.  Cass,  a  former  president  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  During  the  growing  and  harvest  seasons  the  grain, 
in  wavy  billows,  extends  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  in  an  unbroken  sea 
of  green  and  gold,  as  the  season  determines.  Many  of  the  farms  in  this 
locality  were  for  long  years  of  the  Bonanza  Farm  stamp.  Individual 
owners  in  many  cases  possessed  thousands  of  acres  which  were  devoted 

[Page  23'\ 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 

almost  entirely  to  wheat  raising  and  these  farms  did  much  to  develop 
the  tremendous  output  of  wheat  for  which  for  years  North  Dakota  has 
been  noted.  More  recently,  however,  these  large  farms  have  been 
gradually  cut  up  into  small  ownerships  and  diversified  farming  has  be- 
come much  more  common. 

Besides  Casselton,  Buffalo  and  Tower  are  other  growing  towns  of  the 
prairie  region. 

VALLEY  CITY 

Population:  4,681 — Altitude:  1,245  Feet 

Valley  City,  pictured  as  "The  Gem  of  the  Sheyenne  Valley,"  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  of  North  Dakota  towns.  It  is  located  in  a  county 
noted  for  its  diversified  farming  and  is  an  important  shipping  point. 
Nature  has  done  much  for  this  city  and  her  progressive  people  are  doing 
all  in  their  power  to  make  this  a  renowned  beauty  spot  of  the  state.  It 
is  the  home  of  one  of  the  finest  Normal  Schools  of  the  Northwest,  has 
superior  public  schools,  a  new  high  school  building  just  completed  that 
cost  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars,  an  up-to-date  public  library, 
substantial  business  blocks,  attractive  homes,  and  a  system  of  parks, 
for  beauty  unequaled  in  the  Northwest. 

The  town  is  also  becoming  a  manufacturing  and  distributing  point, 
having  the  Russell-Miller  Mills,-  the  North  Western  Cereal  Co.,  the 
Valley  City  Fibre  Co.,  The  North  Western  Nursery  Co.,  The  Northern 
Seed  Co.,  as  well  as  wholesale  grocery,  fruit,  seed,  lumber  and  other 
substantial  industries. 

The  beautiful  winding  Sheyenne  River,  its  banks  covered  with  large 
trees,  supplies  enjoyment  to  the  townspeople  during  the  summer  months 
in  boating,  bathing  and  fishing,  and  during  the  winter  it  affords  skating, 
skiing  and  other  winter  sports. 

The  Northern  Pacific  has  a  steel  viaduct  across  the  valley  of  the 
Sheyenne  River  at  this  point.  Nestling  just  beneath  it  can  be  seen  the 
Valley  City  Chautauqua  grounds,  another  beauty  spot,  with  a  steel 
auditorium  having  a  seating  capacity  for  5,000  people. 

This  viaduct  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  long  and  its  maximum 
height  is  150  feet.  There  were  13,700,000  pounds  of  steel  used  in  its 
construction.  This  line  and  viaduct  cuts  out  a  heavy  grade  across  the 
valley.  It  is  used  principally  for  through  freight,  the  old  line  being  also 
in  use,  thus  affording  double  track  facilities  for  a  number  of  miles  through 
this  section. 

SANBORN 
Population:  391 — Altitude:  1,468  Feet 

Sanborn  is  a  typical  North  Dakota  wheat  shipping  town.  The  sur- 
rounding farming  country  produces  heavy  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  barley 
and  flax.  It  lies  in  the  center  of  a  district  which  affords  many  attrac- 
tions to  sportsmen  in  the  line  of  feathered  game,  and  it  is  the  junction 
of  a  Northern  Pacific  branch  line  running  north  to  Cooperstown  and 
McHenry,  North  Dakota. 

[Page  24} 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Harvesting  Potatoes   on   a   Nortlnvestern   Ranch. 

JAMESTOWN 

Population:  6,627— Altitude:  1,430  Feet 

Jamestown,  on  the  James  River,  is  a  county  seat  and  Northern  Pa- 
cific division  point  and  the  headquarters  of  the  offices  of  the  Dakota 
division.  It  is  the  home  of  the  Jamestown  College  and  of  St.  John's 
Young  Ladies'  Catholic  Seminary.  The  North  Dakota  Insane  Hospital, 
built  at  a  cost  of  $2,500,000  is  located  here.  Jamestown  is  an  important 
business  center  and  shipping  point  and  is  the  junction  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  branch  lines  running,  north  to  Pingree,  Carrington,  New  Rock- 
ford,  Oberon,  Minnewaukan — on  Devils  Lake — and  Leeds,  and  south, 
to  La  Moure  and  Oakes,  North  Dakota.  From  Pingree  a  branch  line 
reaches  westward  to  Wilton  in  the  Missouri  Valley.  From  Carrington 
and  Oberon,  branch  lines  extend  westward  across  the  prairies  to  Turtle 
Lake  and  to  Esmond,  respectively.  The  surrounding  country  produces 
wheat,  oats,  flax,  barley  and  vegetables  and  is  worthy  of  investigation 
by  the  homeseeker  looking  for  low  priced  lands.  Jamestown  has  whole- 
sale houses,  a  large  distributing  warehouse,  a  1,000  barrel  flour  mill,  a 
3,000,000  pound — annually — creamery,  a  hospital,  parks  and  play 
grounds. 

The  country  between  New  Rockford  and  Leeds,  north  of  Jamestown, 
has  the  reputation  of  being,  perhaps,  the  best  wild  goose  hunting  region 
in  the  west.  Ducks  and  other  feathered  game  are  also  abundant  in 
season. 

[Page  25] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 

From  a  short  distance  beyond  Gregory,  Minnesota,  nearly  to  James- 
town, North  Dakota,  the  Northern  Pacific  has  a  double  track  hne. 

DAWSON 

Population:  293— Altitude:  1,771  Feet 

Dawson  lies  in  the  center  of  a  district  which  usually  affords  excep- 
tionally good  wild  goose,  duck  and  prairie  chicken  shooting  in  season, 
and  is  a  shipping  point  for  general  farm  produce.  Lake  Isabel,  near  by, 
is  attractive,  and  other  lakes  at  greater  distances  afford  outings  for 
sportsmen  during  the  fall  season. 

This  part  of  North  Dakota  is  stated  by  agricultural  experts  to  be 
well  adapted  to  dairy  farming.  The  land  lies  well,  will  produce  good 
crops  of  corn  and,  presumably  also,  of  alfalfa,  and  beans  of  a  specially 
good  grade  are  grown. 

STEELE 

Population:  550— Altitude:  1,880  Feet 

Steele  is  another  of  the  prosperous  North  Dakota  prairie  towns.  It 
is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  farming  country  that  is  being  rapidly  settled.  It 
is  constantly  growing  in  population  and  is  the  county  seat  of  Kidder 
County.     It  has  two  banks,  a  weekly  paper,  etc. 

Dawson  and  Steele  are  in  Kidder  County  which  is  developing  rapidly 
into  a  corn,  clover,  and  alfalfa  section.     The  second  best  field  of  non- 


iPage  26] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highways 


A    Modern    Guernsey    Dairy    Ranch    in    the    Northern    Pacific    Country. 

irrigated  alfalfa  in  the  United  States  is  in  this  county,  near  Tappen,  east 
of  Dawson.  This  will  without  doubt  eventually  become  a  fine  dairy 
country. 

BISMARCK 

Population:  7,122— Altitude:  1,692  Feet 

Bismarck,  the  capital  city  of  North  Dakota,  lies  on  the  eastern  bank 
of  the  Missouri  River  in  the  center  of  a  wide  agricultural  country.  It  is 
the  county  seat  of  Burleigh  County.  The  state  capitol  stands  on  high 
ground  immediately  north  of  the  city  and  is  reached  by  electric  car  line. 

Bismarck  has  an  excellent  public  school  system,  and  is  the  seat  of 
St.  Mary's  Catholic  Seminary  and  is  to  have  a  Lutheran  university..  The 
North  Dakota  penitentiary  is  located  just  in  the  eastern  suburbs  of  the 
city  and  Northern  Pacific  trains  pass  near  it.  Missouri  River  steamers, 
receiving  and  discharging  general  merchandise  and  supplies,  make  sea- 
sonal trips  along  the  Missouri  River.  Fort  Lincoln,  a  military  post,  lies 
just  south  of  the  city.  From  McKenzie,  east  of  Bismarck,  a  Northern 
Pacific  branch  line  runs  south  to  Linton.  Bismarck,  named  for  the 
great  German  statesman,  was  the  western  terminus  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  from  1873  to  1878,  and  was  originally  named  Edwinton, 

iPage  27'\ 


c^long  the  Scenic  Highwajr 

after  Edwin  F.  Johnson,  the  first  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific- 
A  wagon  bridge,  between  Bismarck  and  Mandan,  now  under  con- 
struction and  to  cost  $1,500,000,  is  expected  to  be  finished  in  1922.  A 
Soldiers'  Memorial  building  is  under  construction  on  the  State  Capitol 
grounds  to  cost  $250,000;  the  log  cabin  in  which  the  late  Theo.  Roosevelt 
lived,  on  his  ranch  near  Medora,  is  also  a  fixture  of  the  State  Capitol 
park.  A  fine  tourist  camp  lies  just  at  the  east,  and  a  Government 
Indian  School  is  at  the  west,  end  of  the  city,  and  there  is  a  good 
country  club  and  golf  links.  Bismarck  has  excellent  hotels. 

MANDAN 
Population:  4,336 — Altitude:  1,667  Feet 

Between  Bismarck  and  Mandan,  distant  only  six  miles,  the  main 
line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  crosses  the  Missouri  River  on  a 
steel  bridge  erected  at  an  original  cost  of  $1,000,000.  During  1905, 
owing  to  the  use  of  heavier  locomotives  and  rolling  stock  and  the  in- 
creased train  loads,  the  bridge  was  rebuilt.  The  new  structure  is  one 
of  the  best  railway  bridges  in  the  west.  At  Mandan,  which  is  a  division 
terminal,  the  railway  has  large  yards,  shops,  and  other  facilities.  The 
town  is  growing  and  is  an  important  distribution  center. 

Near  Mandan  are  mines  producing  an  excellent  quality  of  lignite 
coal.  This  is  a  very  satisfactory  fuel  and  is  largely  used  throughout 
North  Dakota,  where  it  is  found  in  large  quantities. 

The  "Missouri  Slope,"  the  name  by  which  the  Bismarck-Mandan 
region  is  known,  has  been  a  noted  "cattle  country,"  but  it  is  now  giving 
way  to  agricultural  development  on  a  large  scale.  The  soil  is  very  rich 
and  produces  excellent  cereal  crops. 

The  Missouri  Valley  in  the  region  about  Bismarck  and  Mandan  is 
historical  ground.  From  here  Verendrye,  in  1742,  started  on  his  hope- 
less search  for  the  "Western  Sea;'*  here,  until  about  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  lived  the  Mandan  Indians,  now  found  at  Fort 
Berthold,  much  higher  up  the  river;  David  Thompson  was  here  in  1797; 
about  fifty-five  miles  north  of  Bismarck  and  Mandan,  near  Washburn, 
Lewis  and  Clark  wintered  in  1804-5  at  Fort  Mandan;  Alexander  Henry, 
the  younger,  was  among  the  Mandans  in  1806;  George  Catlin  was  here 
painting  Indians  in  1832,  and  Maximilian  and  Bodmer  sojourned  at  the 
Indian  towns  in  1833. 

In  later  time  Custer  started  from  old  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  about 
five  miles  below  Mandan  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  on  his  last  tragic 
campaign  in  1876.  The  clump  of  trees  on  the  bluff",  easily  seen  from 
'*ismarck,  stands  just  above  the  site  of  the  old  post,  now  utterly  gone. 

•'  Is  fort  were  brought  the  wounded  from  Custer's  Last  Battle  on 
i   I  ittle  Big  Horn  River  in  June,  1876. 

Both  north  and  south  from  Mandan  the  Northern  Pacific  has  re- 
cently constructed  branch  lines  that  open  up  to  settlement  valuable 
sections  of  Western  North  Dakota  heretofore  remote  from  railways. 

[Page  28} 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 

On  the  northern  or  Killdeer  branch  line  the  Killdeer  Mountains, 
easily  accessible  from  Killdeer  or  from  Dickinson  on  the  main  line,  form 
an  exceedingly  interesting  portion  of  the  state.  This  region  is  noted  for 
the  spectacular  beauty  of  the  **Bad  Lands,"  also  known  as  Pyramid 
Park. 

Four  of  the  largest  lignite  mines  in  the  state  are  located  on  this 
branch  line,  the  combined  output  being  about  2,000  tons  a  day. 

At  Mandan  change  from  Central  to  Mountain  Time,  one  hour  earlier, 
is  made. 

Of  a  number  of  well  to  do  and  promising  towns  between  Mandan  and 
Dickinson,  New  Salem,  GlenuIIen,  Hebron  and  Richardton  are  the 
largest.  They  range  in  population  from  600  to  1,000,  and  from  2,000  to 
2,487  feet  in  elevation,  and  are  surrounded  by  a  fme  farming  and  grazing 
country  that  in  recent  years  has  developed  very  rapidly.  Hebron  is 
known  for  its  fire  and  pressed  brick  manufactories. 

The  state  has  established  a  briquetting  plant  at  Hebron  to  carbonize 
and  briquette  lignite  coal  on  a  commercial  scale.  This  fuel  is  expected 
to  cost  much  less  than  soft  coal  from  the  east  and  it  is  claimed  will  con- 
tain practically  the  same  amount  of  heat  units  as  does  anthracite  coal. 
Extensive  lignite  mines  are  operated  at  New  Salem  and  GlenuIIen. 

Richardton  is  the  seat  of  St.  Mary's  Catholic  College. 

There  are  numerous  creameries  throughout  this  section,  and  plenty 
of  lignite  coal  and  good  clay. 

DICKINSON 

Population:  4,122— Altitude:  2,430  Feet 

Dickinson,  known  as  the  "Queen  City,"  was  named  for  W.  S.  Dickin- 
son of  Malone,  N.  Y.,  and  is  located  on  the  Heart  River  almost  in  the 
center  of  the  Trans-Missouri,  or  **Slope"  country.  It  is  a  financial, 
trade,  grain,  and  stock  shipping  center.  Dickinson  is  a  railway  district 
terminal  with  modern  and  extensive  yards,  machine  and  car  shops.  It 
has  two  brick  and  tile  factories,  an  up-to-date  creamery,  an  artificial  ice 
plant,  bottling  works,  a  large  armory,  a  Carnegie  library,  seven  grain 
elevators,  and  two  flour  mills,  shipping  flour  to  practically  every  state 
in  the  Union.  There  are  large  department  stores,  all  lines  of  retail 
business,  a  wholesale  grocery  house,  three  national  and  two  state  banks 
with  ample  capital,  three  Catholic,  one  Jewish  and  six  Protestant 
churches,  an  Elk's  home,  costing  $100,000,  a  Masonic  temple,  costing 
$85,000,  and  an  Odd  Fellow's  home,  costing  $35,000. 

A  first  class  hospital,  good  hotels,  a  splendid  high  school,  one  of  the 
best  public  school  systems  in  the  state,  are  maintained,  and  a  new  grade 
school  costing  $125,000  is  nearing  completion.  Recently  a  State  Normal, 
the  only  one  in  the  southwestern  quarter  of  the  state,  has  been  estab- 
lished at  Dickinson.  A  new  federal  building  housing  all  federal  offices 
and  costing  $90,000  was  recently  completed.  The  National  Park  High- 
way passes  through  the  town  and  other  well  kept  roads  diverge  in  a'l 
directions  from  Dickinson,  which  is  an  automobile  center.     Dickinson 

[Page  ^] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 

is  a  good  newspaper  town.  It  is  the  center  of  extensive  beds  of  good, 
low  priced  lignite  fuel,  which  is  beginning  to  exercise  a  marked  influence 
on  the  agricultural  and  industrial  development  of  the  state.  The  im- 
mediate region  is  naturally  a  live  stock  country,  with  a  decided  trend 
toward  dairy  farming.  Model  dairy  farms  including  some  of  the  best 
herds  in  the  state,  are  rapidly  being  developed. 

The  thriving  town  of  Belfield  has  sprung  up  within  a  few  years,  and, 
with  the  country  about  it,  is  progressing  nicely.  The  wide  prairie  pro- 
duces good  crops  of  flax,  wheat,  oats,  vegetables,  etc.  The  Heart  River 
drains  the  country  and  adds  beauty  to  the  landscape. 

Antelope,  Taylor,  Gladstone,  and  South  Heart  are  other  towns  in 
this  immediate  locality  that  are  prospering. 

Until  recently  this  prairie  country  was  entirely  devoted  to  live  stock, 
but  diversified  farming  has  entered  upon  a  new  stage  of  development. 

MEDORA 

Altitude:  2,290  Feet 

At  Sully  Springs  and  Medora  on  the  Little  Missouri  River,  the  tourist 
reaches  the  heart  of  that  most  remarkable  region,  known  in  frontier  days 
as  '*the  badlands,"  from  the  fact  that  they  were  then  difficult  to  travel 
through.  In  recent  years  they  are  known  by  the  more  appropriate  name 
of  "Pyramid  Park." 

Rich  deposits  of  lignite  coal  underlie  an  enormous  area  of  land  and 
prove  that  this  was  a  country  of  dense  forests  in  the  carboniferous  age. 


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cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 

and  evidence  of  its  later  conquest  by  the  sea  is  still  found  among  the 
fossil  remains  in  Pyramid  Park.  Petrified  stumps  also  serve  as  lasting 
monuments  to  some  of  the  sturdy  monarchs  of  primeval  forest  glory. 

Ages  afterward,  the  Fire  King  marched  unhindered  through  this 
region,  leaving  a  veritable  park  of  pyramids,  tinted  and  streaked  with 
various  shades  of  coloring,  their  sides  now  curiously  worn  and  graven 
by  the  erosion  of  wind  and  storm.  It  is  an  almost  trackless  labyrinth  of 
hills  and  buttes  and  canyons  and  bluffs  grouped  to  form  a  most  interest- 
ing and  suggestive  panorama.  The  peculiar  landscape,  enlivened  by  the 
brilliant  colors  of  the  exposed  strata,  creates  a  lasting  impression. 

About  a  mile  west  from  Sully  Springs  and  a  short  distance  south  from 
the  track,  one  of  the  so-called  ''burning  mines,"  a  peculiar  phenomenon 
of  the  region,  may  be  seen. 

Medora  was  named  by  the  Marquis  DeMores  in  honor  of  his  wife. 
DeMores  "went  west"  in  the  early  80's  and  established  his  headquarters 
at  this  point.  His  chateau,  erected  on  an  eminence  a  short  distance  from 
the  town  on  the  south  side  of  the  track,  is  still  pointed  out  to  travelers 
on  passing  trains. 

The  now  famous  "Maltese  Cross"  ranch  on  which  the  late  ex- 
President  Roosevelt  obtained  a  great  deal  of  his  western  experience,  is 
located  near  Medora. 

There  are  large  lignite  mines  in  operation  here. 

This  entire  section  grows  a  peculiar  "bunch  grass"  that  is  exceedingly 
nutritious  and  possesses  stock-fattening  qualities. 

SENTINEL  BUTTE— BEACH 

Sentinel  Butte — Population:  292 — Altitude:  2,731  Feet 
Beach— Population:  1 J 06— Altitude;  2,779  Feet. 

Sentinel  Butte,  to  the  south  of  the  station  of  that  name,  is  an  old 
historical  landmark  of  the  country. 

Beach  is  the  last  station  in  North  Dakota,  the  Montana-North  Da- 
kota boundary  line  being  crossed  a  short  distance  west  from  the  town. 
It  also  practically  marks  the  divide  between  the  Little  Missouri  and 
Yellowstone  rivers.  Until  recently  these  two  stations  were  mere  passing 
tracks — now  they  are  thriving  towns  and  the  surrounding  country  is 
rapidly  being  developed  by  farmers  into  one  of  the  best  farming  regions 
of  the  Northwest.  A  branch  line  extends  southward  from  Beach  to 
Golva,  Carlyle  and  Ollie,  opening  to  easy  settlement  and  development 
a  new  section  of  upland  prairie. 


IP  age  5/] 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


WIBAUX 

Population:  611 — Altitude:  2,674  Feet 

Wibaux,  formerly  called  Mingusville,  renamed  for  the  late  Pierre 
Wibaux,  a  former  well  known  cattle  king  and  banker  in  the  region,  is 
an  important  shipping  point  for  a  wide  extent  of  live  stock  territory. 
A  statue  of  Mr.  Wibaux  in  proximity  to  the  railway,  may  be  seen  just 
west  of  Wibaux  from  the  car  windows. 

This  section,  from  Sentinel  Butte  to  Wibaux,  and  north  to  the  Kill- 
deer  Mountain  region,  is  known  as  the  ''Golden  Valley,"  owing  to  the 
prolific  crops  of  grain  raised  in  recent  years.  This  country  has  been 
found  to  be  well  adapted  to  farming  and  the  lands  are  being  rapidly 
taken  up  by  settlers.  Until  recent  years  the  region  from  Mandan  to 
Wibaux  was  supposed  to  be  a  stock  country  pure  and  simple.  With  the 
success  attending  the  later  efforts  at  farming  the  country  has  wonder- 
fully developed  and  is  now  producing,  annually,  large  crops  of  grain. 
This  consists  of  hard  and  durum  wheat,  oats,  flax  and  barley.  Settlers 
have  been  buying  land  throughout  this  region  between  the  Missouri  and 
the  Yellowstone  rivers  and  a  rapid  change  has  taken  place  in  the  country. 


GLENDIVE 

Population:  3,816— Altitude:  2,091  Feet 

At  Glendivc,  the  railway  meets  the  Yellowstone  River,  which  the 
main  line  follows  for  341  miles.  Glendive  lies  ninety  miles  from  the 
junction  of  the  Missouri  and  Yellowstone  rivers  and  is  the  first  of  im- 
portant Montana  cities  reached  on  the  westward  journey.  It  is  a 
Northern  Pacific  division  headquarters  and  has  important  railway  shops, 
yards,  one  of  the  large  hospitals  of  the  Company,  and  other  facilities. 
The  city  occupies  a  broad  bottom,  sloping  gently  towards  the  river  and 
sheltered  by  a  range  of  curiously  shaped  buttes,  rising  to  a  height  of 

[Page  j^] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

300  feet.  The  site  of  the  town  was  selected  by  Gen.  Lewis  Merrill, 
U.  S.  A.,  who  gave  it  its  name  in  remembrance  of  Sir  George  Gore,  an 
eccentric  Irish  nobleman  who  spent  the  winter  of  1855-56  in  this  region, 
hunting  buffalo.  Gore  gave  the  name  of  Glendive  to  the  creek  that  flows 
Into  the  Yellowstone  at  this  point,  and  which  the  railway  follows  after 
climbing  "Beaver  Hill,"  west  of  Wibaux.  Eagle  Butte,  just  west  of  the 
town,  is  a  noticeable  landmark  and  the  railway  engineers  met  great 
difficulty  in  constructing  a  line  along  its  base. 

In  the  valley  adjacent  to  Glendive  irrigation  was  tried  and  proved 
successful  in  the  80's.  This  section  has  developed  rapidly  and  Glendive 
is  an  important  distributing  point  for  a  large  part  of  the  lower  river 
valley.  The  products  are,  rye,  barley,  oats,  corn,  and  wheat,  and  par- 
ticularly cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and  wool. 

Between  Glendive  and  the  junction  of  the  Yellowstone  and  Missouri 
rivers  is  the  location  of  the  U.  S.  Government's  Lower  Yellowstone 
Reclamation  Project,  opened  to  settlement  December  21,  1908.  This 
enterprise  includes  a  dam  across  the  Yellowstone  and  the  necessary 
irrigation  works,  and  the  irrigation  of  about  64,000  acres  of  land,  at  an 
estimated  cost  of  $3,500,000  by  the  government,  the  land  being  sold  to 
actual  settlers  at  $45.00  an  acre — plus  a  small  annual  maintenance 
charge.  This  figure  includes  the  cost  of  the  reclamation  expenditure 
only.  Where  the  land  is  held  for  sale  by  private  owners,  prices  ranging 
from  $30  to  $50  an  acre  are  asked.  The  farm  unit  ranges  from  40  to  160 
acres.  The  project  is  one  of  the  government's  many  projects  in  the 
Northwest  and  opens  up  a  valuable  part  of  the  Yellowstone  Valley.  The 
Northern  Pacific  has  a  branch  line  extending  from  Glendive  northward 
through  the  lands  of  the  project.  Dry  farming  as  well  as  irrigation 
farming  can  be  successfully  carried  on  here. 

TERRY 
Population:  794 — Altitude:  2,264  Feet 

Terry,  named  for  the  late  Gen.  Alfred  H.  Terry,  U.  S.  A.,  is  a  rapidly 
growing  town  of  the  lower  Yellowstone  Valley.  Large  shipments  of 
live  stock,  wool,  etc.,  have  been  made  from  here  in  the  past.  Terry  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  grain  shipping  points  in  eastern  Montana.  The 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway  crosses  the  Northern  Pacific 
near  Terry.  Beyond  Blatchford  the  Powder  River,  one  of  the  three  or 
four  most  important  affluents  of  the  Yellowstone  River,  is  crossed.  This 
part  of  Montana  is  rapidly  being  settled  by  farmers  and  others  seeking 
new  homes  in  the  west. 

MILES  CITY 
Population:  7,937— Altitude:  2,377  Feet 

Miles  City,  at  the  mouth  of  Tongue  River,  another  of  the  three  most 
important  tributaries  of  the  Yellowstone,  has  the  peculiar  distinction  of 
being  the  only  city  between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Rocky  Mountains 
on  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  which  did  not  owe  its  origin  to 
the  building  of  the  railway.    It  was  named  after  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles, 

[Page  33} 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


"A   Brotherhood   of   Venerable   Trees"  in  Montana. 

U.  S.  A.,  was  a  flourishing  frontier  post  before  the  railway  reached  the 
Yellowstone  Valley,  and  in  the  early  days  was  an  important  rendezvous 
of  the  buff^alo  hunters  and  traders.  With  the  extinction  of  the  buff'alo 
the  stretches  of  grazing  country  were  occupied  by  the  ranchmen  and 
now  the  ranches  tributary  to  Terry,  Miles  City,  Rosebud,  and  other 
valley  towns,  grow  hundreds  of  thousands  of  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep. 

[Page   34'i 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 

Miles  City  is  a  wool  shipping  center  for  Eastern  Montana,  is  an  in- 
creasingly important  banking  and  trading  point  for  a  large  territory 
north  and  south  of  the  Yellowstone,  has  an  oil  refinery,  and  a  $250,000 
high  school  building  under  construction.  It  is  a  compact,  well  built 
city,  the  country  tributary  to  it  has  become  rich  in  agricultural  wealth 
through  stock  raising  and  irrigation,  and  dry  farming  methods  are  re- 
claiming large  areas.  Oil  production  bids  fair  to  become  a  very  im- 
portant factor  in  the  near  future. 

One  of  the  earlier  irrigation  enterprises  in  the  Yellowstone  Valley 
and  its  tributaries  is  the  Tongue  River  canal,  taken  out  of  the  latter 
stream  about  fourteen  miles  from  Miles  City.  It  waters  15,000  acres  of 
land,  all  of  which  has  not  yet  been  placed  under  cultivation.  There  are 
good  opportunities  for  homeseekers  under  this  canal  still  remaining. 
The  land  is  good,  productive,  and  there  is  an  ample  supply  of  water  for 
irrigation.  Miscellaneous  crops,  fruit,  honey,  and  heavy  crops  of  alfalfa 
are  raised  and  there  are  good  markets. 

FORT  KEOGH 

Altitude:  2,390  Feet 

Two  miles  west  of  Miles  City  lies  Fort  Keogh,  until  in  recent  years 
an  important  military  post.  The  fort  was  built  in  1877  by  General  Miles 
and  was  named  in  honor  of  Capt.  Myles  W.  Keogh,  who  perished  with 
Custer  on  June  25,  1876,  on  the  banks  of  the  Little  Big  Horn  River.  For 
years  after  its  establishment  the  fort  was  the  most  important  post  in  the 
heart  of  the  Northwestern  Indian  Country,  and  was  occupied  by  both 
infantry  and  cavalry  in  large  numbers.  It  was  abandoned  as  an  active 
post  in  1907,  but  is  now  an  important  government  remount  post,  where 
fresh  horses  are  trained  for  cavalry  service  and  "remounts"  supplied. 

ROSEBUD 

Altitude:  2,501  Feet 

At  Rosebud  the  Rosebud  River  is  crossed.  The  town  is  growing — 
has  a  flour  mill,  a  good  hotel,  a  weekly  paper,  and  electric  light  plant.  The 
Rosebud  Valley  is  one  of  the  most  historic  and  picturesque  in  Montana 
and  is  now  well  settled  by  ranchmen.  Custer  camped  here  just  prior  to 
his  fateful  battle  of  June  25,  1876.  The  entire  valley  was  the  center  of 
Indian  warfare  and  old  rifle  pits  are  still  in  evidence.  It  is  the  natural 
freighting  point  for  the  Rosebud  and  much  of  the  Tongue  River  valleys 
and  other  nearby  sections.  The  Carterville  Irrigation  Project  is  just 
west  of  this  locality.  Alfalfa  grows  luxuriantly  and  Rosebud  is  one  of 
the  largest  alfalfa  seed  shipping  points  in  Montana.  The  Rosebud, 
Tongue  and  other  valleys  are  very  fertile  and  productive  without  irri- 
gation, and  dry  land  farmers  are  planning  silos  and  dairying. 

Near  the  headwaters  of  this  stream  is  the  reservation  of  the  Northern 
Cheyenne  Indians.  These  Indians  are  of  the  aristocracy  among  red 
men.     They  have  a  good  reservation  between  the  Tongue  and  Rosebud 

iPage  55] 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


rivers,  are  a  brave,  manly,  industrious  tribe.  For  many  years  they 
have  been  friendly  with  the  whites,  whose  respect  they  possess. 
h  To  the  west,  adjoining  the  Cheyenne  reservation  and  lying  along  the 
Big  Horn  and  Little  Big  Horn  rivers,  is  the  reservation  of  the  Crow 
Indians.  This  reservation  has  been  much  reduced  in  recent  years  and 
is  now  but  a  remnant  of  its  former  large  dimensions.  Both  these  tribes 
engage  in  stock  raising  and  agricultural  pursuits  to  a  considerable  extent. 
The  Crow  Indians  have  figured  very  prominently  in  all  the  early 
history  of  the  west.  They  were  the  most  expert  horse  stealers  on  the 
plains  in  the  old  Indian  days.  They  have  a  valuable  reservation  which 
they  irrigate  and  farm  in  a  more  or  less  commendable  manner.  They 
are  a  large  and  fine  looking  people,  peaceable,  and  as  a  tribe  are  quite 
wealthy. 

FORSYTH 

Population:  1,838— Altitude:  2,535  Feet 

Forsyth,  named  after  Gen.  Jas.  W.  Forsythe,  of  the  army,  shares  the 
general  characteristics  of  the  Yellowstone  Valley  towns  and  cities.  It 
commands  a  part  of  the  trade  of  the  Rosebud  Valley  to  the  south  and 
the  valleys  of  the  Big  and  Little  Porcupine  rivers  to  the  north  and  during 
recent  years  has  been  growing  rapidly.  It  is  a  district  terminal,  with 
railway  yards,  shops,  etc.  In  this  immediate  vicinity  there  are  large 
tracts  of  land  under  irrigation  producing  bountiful  crops  of  all  kinds 
year  after  year  without  danger  of  failure. 

[Page  36] 


c>llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


The  Seat   of  Authority  of  an  Ideal  Northwestern  Ranch. 

CUSTER 

Altitude:  2,749  Feel 

Custer  formerly  was  the  railway  station  for  Fort  Custer — now  aban- 
doned— thirty  miles  distant,  once  a  large  military  post  at  the  junction 
of  the  Big  Horn  and  Little  Big  Horn  rivers  near  the  scene  of  the  Custer 
battle  ground  of  1876,  where  Custer  lost  his  life.  Owing  to  irrigation  the 
town  is  growing  nicely  and  the  surrounding  region  improving  rapidly. 
There  are  said  to  be  100,000  acres  of  irrigated  land  in  the  valleys  of  these 
two  streams. 

Shortly  before  reaching  Custer  the  Big  Horn  River  is  crossed,  at  its 
mouth,  and  just  beyond  the  train  passes  through  the  Big  Horn  Tunnel, 
nearly  1,100  feet  long  and  cut  through  the  bluffs  that  impinge  on  the 
Yellowstone  River.  The  Big  Horn  is  the  largest  of  the  streams  flowing 
into  the  Yellowstone.  Here,  at  its  mouth,  in  1807,  Manuel  Lisa,  the 
noted  fur  trader  of  St.  Louis,  built  a  trading  post  among  the  Crow 
Indians. 

POMPEY'S  PILLAR 
Altitude:  2,894  Feet 

Rising  from  the  level  valley  to  a  height  of  200  or  more  feet,  Pompey's 
Pillar,  a  comparatively  short  distance  beyond  and  to  the  north  of  the 
railway  station  of  this  name,  is  a  landmark  of  historic  interest  and  of 
odd  and  interesting  appearance.  It  was  discovered  and  named  by  Capt. 
Wm.  Clark,  of  Lewis  and  Clark,  on  the  return  journey  across  the  con- 
tinent, in  1806,  and  half  way  up  one  of  its  sides  is  still  to  be  seen  the 
inscription  cut  by  the  great  explorer  himself.  **Wm.  Clark,  July  25, 
1806."  There  was  no  final  **e'*  in  Clark's  name,  although  often  so  shown. 
The  ragged  scratches  in  the  yellow  sandstone  have  been  covered  with  a 
steel  screen,  placed  there  and  maintained  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company,  and  are  thus  carefully  protected  as  a  valuable  historical 
souvenir.    The  rock  is  washed  by  the  waters  of  the  Yellowstone. 

Between  Miles  City  and  Huntley  the  Yellowstone  Valley  is  rapidly 
being  placed  under  irrigation  farming.  The  land  is  immensely  pro- 
ductive, lies  well  for  irrigation,  water  is  abundant  and  markets  are  good. 

[Page  371 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 

This  valley  is  rapidly  becoming  one  of  the  most  noted  of  irrigation  valleys 
in  the  entire  west. 

Extending  from  Hathaway  and  Rosebud  to  Forsyth,  there  are  more 
than  15,000  acres  of  land  now  under  irrigation  on  the  north  side  of  the 
river,  and  between  Howard  and  Myers,  also  on  the  north  side  of  the 
stream,  there  are  between  12,000  and  15,000  acres  under  irrigation.  On 
the  south  bank  of  the  Yellowstone,  between  Sanders  and  Hysham  there 
are  about  10,000  acres  covered  by  canals  with  a  larger  acreage  east  of 
that  point  also  being  irrigated. 

HUNTLEY 

Altitude:  3,038  Feet 

The  fine  lands  of  the  Government's  Huntley  Reclamation  Project  are 
found  at  this  point.  These  lands  are  among  the  best  in  the  valley  and 
are  irrigated  by  means  of  irrigation  works  erected  by  the  government. 
There  are  about  33,000  acres  embraced  in  this  project  which  was  opened 
to  settlers  in  1907.  The  farm  units  as  laid  out  by  the  government  range 
from  30  to  160  acres,  of  which  from  thirty  to  eighty  acres  are  irrigable 
land  and  the  remainder  adjacent  pasture  or  woodland.  These  lands 
cost  the  settler  $34.00  an  acre  for  water  right,  plus  a  small  annual  main- 
tenance charge.  Most  of  them  have  been  taken  up  by  homemakers. 
There  are  six  towns  contiguous  to  Huntley. 

This  was  formerly  a  part  of  the  Crow  Indian  reservation. 

These  lands  are  served  by  the  main  lines  of  both  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific and  ''Burlington"  railways  and  are  close  to  Billings,  one  of  the 
largest  cities  in  Montana. 

BILLINGS 

Population:  15,100— Altitude:  3,139  Feet 

Located  in  the  valley  of  the  historic  Yellowstone  River,  with  thou- 
sands of  acres  of  irrigated  lands  yielding  a  certain  crop  production  each 
year,  the  vast  territory  around  Billings,  named  after  Frederick  Billings, 
a  former  president  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  has  never  known  what  may 
be  termed  a  crop  failure.  The  factory  of  the  Great  Western  Sugar  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  largest  in  the  world,  annually  manufactures  approx- 
imately 60,000,000  pounds  of  sugar,  and  the  20,000  acres  of  sugar  beets, 
from  which  the  sugar  is  made,  afford  substantial  revenue  to  the  husband- 
man. The  tributary  territory  is  already  noted  for  its  irrigation  and  dry 
farming  enterprises  and  live  stock  feeding  operations,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing  in  importance. 

There  is  a  very  heavy  acreage  of  the  most  fertile  of  irrigable  lands 
tributary  to  Billings. 

On  the  uplands  lying  back  from  the  lower  river  valley  and  among  the 
higher  lands  under  irrigation,  there  are  large  areas  of  very  rich  lands 
which  have  been  brought  into  cultivation  under  dry  farming  methods. 

iPage  55] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


The  Capitol  of  Montana,  at  Helena. 


From  the  car  windows  these  vast  and  very  fertile  upland  farms, 
which  extend  along  the  entire  valley  of  the  Yellowstone,  are  not  seen, 
unfortunately,  but  they  are  there. 

Two  very  fertile  valleys  adjacent  to  Billings  and  rapidly  being  settled 
are  the  Big  Horn  and  Clark's  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone.  The  latter  is 
proving  to  be  a  good  apple  growing  section,  some  fine  commercial  or- 
chards being  found  there. 

Billings  has  a  public  swimming  pool,  tennis  courts,  parks,  an  audi- 
torium of  5,000  seating  capacity,  a  large  coliseum,  a  water  system,  ex- 
cellent hotels,  in  fact  the  accompaniments  of  a  modern  city. 

The  retail  stores  of  the  city  are  a  credit  to  the  men  who  are  con- 
ducting them  and  warrant  the  unstinted  praise  of  those  from  eastern 
cities  who  marvel  at  the  class  of  these  establishments  and  the  up-to-date 
methods  in  vogue  in  their  management. 

The  educational  advantages  are  up-to-date  and  besides  good  public 
schools,  there  is  a  parochial  school  and  a  polytechnic  institute  ^yorking 
along  higher  educational  lines.  It  is  the  commercial,  manufacturing  and 
financial  center  of  a  region  two  hundred  miles  in  diameter* 

Billings  is  bidding  for  more  manufacturing  plants,  basing  its  afgu- 

IPage  59] 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

ments  upon  location,  natural  resources,  availability  of  labor  and  the 
spirit  of  local  support  and  interest  shown  by  its  men  of  affairs. 

The  city  is  an  important  railway  center  and  distributing  point.  It 
is  the  connecting  point  of  the  Burlington  route  with  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railway.  Through  daily  train  service  is  maintained  by  the  joint 
lines  between  St.  Louis,  Omaha,  Lincoln,  St.  Joseph,  Kansas  City  and 
Denver,  and  points  in  the  Pacific  Northwest.  There  are  twenty-nine 
passenger  trains  daily  in  and  out  of  the  city.  The  Crow  Reservation 
Agency  and  Custer  Battlefield,  on  the  Burlington,  are  reached  from 
Billings. 

Billings  is  the  center  of  the  oil  industry  of  Montana  because  of  its 
location  near  the  activities  in  oil  operations  in  the  state  and  also  in 
northern  Wyoming,  and  its  advantages  as  a  distributing  center. 

Many  noted  trout  streams  of  Montana  are  but  a  few  hours*  ride 
from  the  city  and  anglers  find  them  a  veritable  paradise  in  the  coolness 
of  the  majestic  snow  covered  mountains.  The  valleys,  fringed  with 
melting  snow  banks  through  which  silvery  streams  glide,  are  "populated" 
with  mountain  trout. 

LAUREL 

Population:  2,239— Altitude:  3,311  Feet 

At  Laurel,  another  district  terminal,  there  are  extensive  railway 
yards.  At  this  point  the  branch  line  for  Fromberg,  and  also  for  Bridger 
and  Red  Lodge,  coal  mining  centers,  leaves  the  main  line,  following  the 
valley  of  the  Clark's  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone,  the  stream  itself  flowing 
into  the  Yellowstone  near  Laurel. 

The  Lake  Basin  branch,  from  Laurel  to  Rapelje,  47  miles  distant, 
penetrates  a  very  rich  agricultural  district  in  grain,  hay  and  live  stock. 
The  Billings  and  Central  Montana  line  extends  northeast  14  miles 
through  a  good  farming  section. 

The  town  has  grown  very  rapidly,  commercially,  in  recent  years, 
and  it  has  a  substantial  country  back  of  it.  Both  dry  land  and  irrigation 
farming  are  practiced. 

In  this  section  sugar  beets  are  grown  extensively  for  the  factory  at 
Billings. 

COLUMBUS 

Population:  987— Altitude:  3,624  Feet 

Columbus  is  another  of  the  growing  cities  of  the  Yellowstone  Valley  ' 
and  is  located  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Stillwater  and  Yellowstone 
rivers.  It  is  the  commercial  center  of  an  increasingly  prosperous  stock 
raising  and  agricultural  country  adjacent.  A  sandstone  building  stone 
quarried  at  Columbus  has  great  merit  and  is  extensively  used  in  Mon- 
tana, the  State  Capitol  at  Helena  being  largely  constructed  from  it. 

The  valleys  of  the  many  tributary  streams  of  the  upper  Yellowstone 
are  valuable  for  farming  and  fishing. 

[Page  4o1 


aAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 


The  Madison   Valley,  Montana,  Combines   Wealth  with  Health. 

BIG  TIMBER 

Population:  1,282— Altitude:  4,094  Feet 

Big  Timber  is  in  the  heart  of  a  large  farming,  stock  raising,  and 
mining  section.  It  is  a  good  and  growing  town.  The  bench  lands  of  the 
Big  Boulder  and  Big  Timber  creeks  and  along  the  Yellowstone  in  this 
vicinity  are  among  the  finest  of  grazing  lands.  These  lands  are  now 
being  brought  under  irrigation.  One  of  the  largest  and  most  important 
of  these  irrigation  enterprises  is  that  of  Glass  Bros,  in  Sweetgrass  Valley. 
A  large  and  increasing  acreage  of  valuable  lands  is  also  being  cultivated 
under  dry  farming  methods. 

The  mountain  streams  in  the  beautiful  country  about  Columbus 
and  Big  Timber  abound  in  trout  and  afford  delightful  fishing  and  camp- 
ing to  lovers  of  outdoor  life. 

SPRINGDALE 
HUNTER'S  HOT  SPRINGS 

Springdale — Altitude:  4,234  Feet 

Springdale  is  the  railway  sta.tion  for  Hunter's  Hot  Springs,  but  two 
miles  distant.  The  waters  of  these  springs,  consisting  of  three  groups, 
are  well  known  throughout  the  Northwest,  as  an  excellent  curative  agent 
in  cases  of  rheumatism,  nervousness,  neuritis,  neuralgia,  dyspepsia, 
stomach,  skin,  and  liver  complaints.  Recent  improvements  have  made 
this  one  of  the  most  attractive  places  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  A 
large  hotel  in  the  Mission  style  of  architecture,  all  outside  rooms,  with 
steam  heat,  electricity,  100  foot  plunge,  solarium,  dance,  pool  and 
billiard  rooms,  grills,  etc.,  make  this  a  delightful  spot  the  year  around 
for  guests  who  take  the  waters  or  who  simply  rest  and  enjoy  the  excellent 
hunting  and  trout  fishing  near  at  hand. 

Hay  fever  and  asthmatic  sufferers  obtain  relief  here. 

Hunter's  Hot  Springs,  Geo.  McCarn,  Manager,  have  a  little  higher 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

altitude  than  Springdale  and  are  near  the  foothills  of  the  Crazy  Moun- 
tains. The  Springs  discharge  90,000  gallons  of  water  an  hour  at  a  tem- 
perature of  148  to  168  degrees.  An  automobile  meets  all  trains.  The 
well  equipped  sanatorium,  under  the  supervision  of  the  house  physician, 
is  very  popular  with  those  who  have  been  benefitted  by  the  healing 
waters  and  invigorating  climate.  These  springs  were  held  in  great 
repute  among  the  Indians  before  the  whites  settled  the  country. 

From  Springdale  to  Livingston  the  railway  still  follows  the  Yellow- 
stone River  through  a  valley  of  much  scenic  beauty.  From  near  Co- 
lumbus to  beyond  Springdale  the  Crazy  Mountains  to  the  north  afford 
a  very  interesting  sight  as  the  train  changes  direction. 

From  a  point  just  east  of  Livingston  a  branch  line  extends  nearly  30 
miles  up  the  Shields  River  Valley  to  Clyde  Park  and  Wilsall.  This 
valley  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  west  and  land  can  be  purchased  at  very 
reasonable  prices.  It  has  a  specially  fine  reputation  for  the  quality  of 
the  oats  produced. 

It  produced  the  best  wheat  grown  in  the  American  Northwest  in 
1912,  for  which  a  $5,000  prize  was  awarded  at  the  Northwestern  Prod- 
ucts Exposition,  Minneapolis,  November,  1912. 

At  the  Dry  Farming  Congress,  held  at  Tulsa,  Okla.,  October,  1913, 
it  won  first  prizes  for  alfalfa  and  timothy  and  at  the  Sixth  National  Corn 
Exposition,  Dallas,  Tex.,  February,  1914,  carried  off  61  prizes  for  various 
grains,  grasses,  etc.,  of  which  28  were  world's  championships. 

LIVINGSTON 

Population:  6,311 — Altitude:  4,510  Feet 

Livingston  is  a  division  and  general  headquarters,  the  location  of 
very  extensive  railway  shops,  and  the  diverging  point  for  a  short  branch 
line  running  54  miles  south  to  Gardiner,  Montana,  the  original  and 
northern  entrance  to  Yellowstone  National  Park,  the  Wonderland  of 
the  World.  At  Gardiner  stands  the  imposing  lava  arch  dedicated  by 
President  Roosevelt  in  1903  and  spanning  the  entrance  to  a  region  of 
weird  and  marvelous  scenery  of  a  most  unusual  amd  inspiring  sort. 
Thousands  of  travelers  from  all  parts  of  the  world  visit  Yellowstone  Park 
during  the  tourist  season  and  find  it  ideal  for  outings  of  a  week,  a  month, 
or  for  the  season,  which  usually  extends  from  June  20  to  September  15. 

At  Livingston  all  passengers  desiring  to  visit  Yellowstone  National 
Park  may  obtain  stopovers  on  tickets.  The  regular  auto  tour  of  Yellow- 
stone Park  is,  for  convenience  sake,  based  on  a  schedule  of  four  and  one- 
half  days,  from  Gardiner,  but  may  be  extended  at  will.  It  embraces  a 
fine  auto  trip  of  147  miles,  most  of  the  way  over  hard,  sprinkled  road- 
ways which  lead  in  turn  to  all  the  great  geyser  basins,  Yellowstone  Lake, 
the  magnificent  Grand  Canyon  and,  finally,  back  to  Mammoth  Hot 
Springs  and  the  new  hotel  at  that  point,  from  which  the  return  trip  to 
the  railway  at  Gardiner  is  made.  The  autos,  which  form  a  part  of  the 
largest  transportation  equipment  of  this  character  found  anywhere,  are 
made  especially  for  Park  travel  and  are  in  every  way  most  comfortable 

[Page   42] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Hi'ghwajr 


A   Corner  of  the   Grand   Canyon  Hotel,   Yellowstone  Park. 

and  easy  riding.  The  journey  through  Wonderland  is  one  of  the  most 
enjoyable  recreations  in  the  world.  The  sprinkling  of  the  roads,  by  the 
government,  daily,  prevents  disagreeable  experiences  from  dust. 

Just  below  the  gap  in  the  mountains  from  Livingston,  easily  seen 
from  the  train  and  town.  Captain  Wm.  Clark,  of  Lewis  and  Clark, 
camped  one  noon  in  1806,  on  his  return  journey  to  St.  Louis  from  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  A  suitably  inscribed  boulder  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railway  Station  grounds  commemorates  this  event. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railway  has  an  imposing  passenger  station  at 
Livingston  for  the  accommodation  of  the  extensive  travel  handled  at 
this  point  during  the  park  season. 

About  half  way  between  Livingston  and  Gardiner  on  the  eastern 
side  of  Paradise  Valley,  Emigrant  Peak  looms  high  above  the  landscape, 
flecked  with  snow  banks  and  more  or  less  screened  and  hidden  by  banks 
of  clouds. 


Irrigation      and      Dry      Farming 

Between  Billings  and  Livingston,  irrigation  is  found  to  be  a  promi- 
nent feature  of  the  Yellowstone  Valley.     All  the  Yellowstone  Valley 

iPage  43l 


c41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


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towns  heretofore  named  are  centers  of  irrigation  plants.  In  many  of 
the  tributary  streams  of  the  Yellowstone — the  Tongue,  Big  Horn, 
Rosebud,  Clark's  Fork,  etc.^there  are  very  extensive  areas  under 
irrigation  and  these  are  constantly  being  augmented.  Homesteaders 
and  other  homeseekers  are  rapidly  taking  up  the  available  lands  and 
experiencing  the  delights  of  farming  where  every  farmer  controls  the 
matter  of  rainfall  through  irrigation. 

In  recent  years  so  called  **dry  farming"  has  become  a  very  important 
matter  in  North  Dakota  and  Montana.  This  method  of  farming,  where 
precipitation  is  small  and  irrigation  is  impracticable,  is  simple,  easily 
understood,  has  proved,  on  the  whole,  successful,  and  under  it  a  large 
area  of  land  is  rapidly  being  reclaimed  from  a  desert  state. 

A  dry  land  farm  north  of  Bilhngs  took  the  first  prize  for  alfalfa  in  the 
world  competition  at  the  New  York  Land  Show  in  November,  1911. 

In  North  Dakota  and  Montana  between  the  Missouri  River  and  the 
mountains,  from  thirty  to  fifty  per  cent  of  the  area  is  available  for  "dry 
farming"  and  of  this  not  more  than  ten  per  cent  is  occupied  at  the  present 
time.  A  rare  opportunity  is  presented  of  obtaining  farms  in  this  region 
at  fair  prices. 

Crossing  the  Belt  Range  at  Bozeman  Tunnel 

From  Livingston  westward  the  railway  crosses  the  Belt  range  of  the 
Rockies  at  Bozeman  Tunnel,  at  an  altitude  of  5,592  feet  above  sea  level. 
Passing  the  tunnel,  which  is  3,654  feet  in  length,  the  line  runs  through 

IPage  44] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)r 

the  wild  and  beautiful  defile  of  Rocky  Canyon,  out  into  the  broad  and 
fertile  valley  of  the  Gallatin  River. 

Chestnut,  just  west  of  the  tunnel,  is  a  coal  shipping  station. 

BOZEMAN 

Population:  6,1 8 3— Altitude:  4,773  Feet 

Bozeman  lies  in  the  heart  of  the  Gallatin  Valley,  sheltered  on  the 
south  by  the  high  Gallatin  Range  while  to  the  north  looms  the  Bridger 
Range,  both  being  parts  of  the  main  chain  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
The  great  mountain  peaks,  many  of  them  bearing  their  hoary  mantles 


GARDINER  GATEWAY  the  Original  Entrance  to  YELLOW- 
STONE NATIONAL  PARK  is  reached  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railway  only. 

[Page  451 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 


Gallatin  River,  Montana,  and  the  Spanish  Peaks. 

of  perpetual  snow,  are  beautiful  and  impressive  in  the  extreme.  Saca- 
gawea  Peak  is  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Bridger  Range.  It  is 
named  for  the  heroic  Shoshone  Indian  "Birdwoman"  who  accompanied 
Lewis  and  Clark  in  1804-6  and  who  pointed  out  the  pass  which  Captain 
Clark  used  at  thfs  point  in  1806  in  crossing  from  the  Gallatin  to  the 
Yellowstone  Valley,  and  which  is  the^  one  now  traversed  by  the  railway. 

Bozeman  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  prosperous  towns  in  Montana. 
It  was  first  settled  in  1864  by  John  M.  Bozeman,  a  pioneer  who,  a  few 
years  afterward,  was  murdered  by  Indians,  on  the  Yellowstone  River 
below  Livingston.  Later,  Fort  EHis,  seen  just  before  reaching  Bozeman, 
was  established  for  the  protection  of  the  settlers  in  the  valley,  but  was 
abandoned  in  1887. 

The  Montana  State  Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Station  is 
located  at  Bozeman. 

In  the  mountains  around  Bozeman  the  scenery  is  exceptionally  fine, 
especially  is  this  true  of  the  West  Gallatin  Canyon,  about  twenty-five 
miles  from  Bozeman.  Here  the  tourist  may  hunt,  fish,  climb  mountains 
and  enjoy  some  of  the  most  magnificent  scenery  to  be  found  in  this 
country,  to  his  heart's  content.  For  summer  outings  the  locality  excels 
and  there  are  several  permanent  camps  for  tourists  maintained.  For 
special  information  regarding  camps  and  camping  apply  to  the  Bozeman 
Chamber  of  Commerce. 

iPage  461    , 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

The  Gallatin  Valley  produces  the  finest  barley  in  the  world  and  much 
of  it,  in  the  past,  has  been  exported  to  Germany.  Irrigation  has  done 
wonders  for  the  Gallatin  Valley,  having  made  it  one  of  the  richest  and 
best  known  agricultural  sections  of  the  entire  west. 

There  are  important  cereal  and  flour  interests,  many  elevators  and 
warehouses,  a  pea  canning  factory,  wholesale  and  jobbing  houses,  and  a 
government  fish  hatchery. 

The  Gallatin  Valley  took  the  first  prize  in  both  the  oats  and  barley 
competition,  open  to  the  entire  country,  at  the  New  York  Land  Show, 
in  November,  191 1.  The  huge  elevators  and  flour  mills  located  at  several 
points  in  this  valley  are  a  striking  feature. 

Belgrade,  Central  Park  and  Manhattan  are  located  in  the  heart  of 
the  farming  country  in  the  Gallatin  Valley.  Near  Manhattan  are  some 
of  the  largest  barley  farms  in  the  world,  and  an  extensive  malting  plant. 

Large  deposits  of  onyx  have  been  discovered  here. 

The  surrounding  country  produces  an  abundance  and  variety  of 
crops;  wheat,  oats,  barley,  alfalfa,  clover,  timothy,  with  all  the  vege- 
tables of  the  north  temperate  zone.  Irrigation  and  dry  farming  are 
both  carried  on  successfully. 

The  valley  land  has  long  been  held  in  large  ownerships  but  the  large 
farms  are  now  being  gradually  subdivided  and  sold  to  newcomers  in 
smaller  tracts. 

LOGAN 
Altitude:  4,114  Feet 

Logan  is  the  point  where  the  main  lines  diverge,  one  via  Helena,  the 
other  via  Butte,  coming  together  again  at  Garrison,  across  the  moun- 
tains. Near  by  are  the  Three  Forks  of  the  Missouri  River.  Between 
Logan  and  Bozeman  there  is  a  double  track,  the  new  one  being  of  lower 
grade  and  used  by  heavy  eastbound  freight  trains. 

Logan  supplies  large  quantities  of  crushed  rock  for  road  building  and 
all  kinds  of  construction  requiring  rock,  cement  and  sand. 

When  Lewis  and  Clark,  slowly  ascending  the  Missouri  River  in  1805, 
reached  the  **Three  Forks"  they  were  unable  to  decide  which  stream 
could  in  truth  be  considered  the  Missouri.  They  finally  gave  separate 
names  to  the  streams  calling  one  the  Madison,  another  the  Jeff'erson, 
and  the  third  the  Gallatin  River.  Later  explorations  showed  that  to  the 
Jeff'erson  might  properly  have  been  given  the  name  of  the  main  river, 
and  the  action  of  the  explorers  thus  curtailed  the  Missouri  of  300  miles 
of  its  rightful  length  by  confining  the  name  to  that  section  lying  below 
this  junction. 

The  region  about  Logan  and  the  Three  Forks  was  formerly  debatable 
and  bloody  ground  among  the  Indian  tribes  and  the  early  efforts  of  the 
whites  to  establish  trading  posts  here  proved  disastrous  failures. 

After  leaving  Logan,  the  line,  via  Helena,  runs  through  a  pleasing 
gorge  along  the  Missouri  River,  traversing  a  mining  and  ranch  country, 
with  distant  mountains,  the  Belt  Range,  in  sight.  At  Trident  there  are 
large  deposits  of  raw  Portland  cement  and  a  cement  plant  established 

iPage  47] 


c^llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


"The    Gates   of    the    Roclcy    Mountains,"   on   the    Missouri  River,    North   of   Helena.      Named 

by  Lezvis  and  Clark  in   1805. 

by  the  Three  Forks  Portland  Cement  Co.  at  an  expenditure  of  $1,500,000. 
The  plant  has  a  capacity  of  1,800  barrels  a  day.  They  also  take  by 
mechanical  means  sand  and  gravel  from  the  Missouri  River,  which  is 
screened  and  then  marketed.  Passing  travelers  will  note  the  large  num- 
ber of  concrete  dwellings,  with  flower  and  vegetable  gardens  which  the 
company  has  built  for  their  employes  and  rents  at  a  very  low  figure. 
Trident  is  a  neat,  tidy  town.  In  the  Belt  Mountains  lies  Confederate 
Gulch,  noted  in  the  early  days  of  Montana  for  the  wonderful  and  phe- 
nomenal richness  of  its  placer  diggings.  More  than  $10,000,000  of  gold 
has  been  panned  out  of  its  sands. 

HELENA 

Population:  12,037— Altitude:  3,955  Feet 

Helena,  the  capital  of  Montana — its  main  street  tracing  the  wonder- 
ful gold  bearing  Last  Chance  Gulch,  which  during  its  life  produced 
probably  $40,000,000 — is  a  city  strongly  flavored  with  the  romance  of 
pioneer  gold  hunting  and  frontier  days.  It  is  now  a  fine  residence  city 
with  a  satisfactory  and  growing  volume  of  commerce  flowing  through  the 
usual  channels  and  one  finds  it  hard  to  reconcile  its  present  quiet  at- 
tractiveness with  the  tales  of  former  vigilante  days  in  Montana.    Helena 

[Page  48] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

was  at  one  time  or  another,  the  home  of  "X"  Beidler,  Col.  W.  F.  Sanders, 
N.  P.  Langford,  and  others — Vigilantes,  who  were  important  factors  in 
redeeming  Montana  from  the  reign  of  lawlessness  and  disorder  which 
for  a  time  held  sway  in  the  rough  days  of  early  settlement.  Helena's 
initial  history  is  of  the  thrilling  sort.  Helena  was  named  in  1864  after 
the  town  of  Helena,  in  Scott  County,  Minnesota.  The  original  pro- 
nunciation of  the  word  was  Hel-e'na,  not  Hel'-ena  as  now  given. 

Helena  has  one  of  the  most  attractive  private  club  houses  in  the  west, 
The  Montana,  occupying  a  new  and  handsome  building  in  the  heart  of 
the  city.  The  Government  Building  and  PostofFice  is  a  fine  structure 
surmounting  a  height  adjacent  to  the  business  district. 

The  city  has  good  hotels,  churches,  and  a  fine  public  library.  The 
new  Montana  state  capitol  is  an  imposing  structure  located  on  a  com- 
manding site  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city,  and  its  dome  may  be  seen 
from  many  miles  around.  A  fine  new  hotel  costing  several  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  opened  in  1913,  is  a  strictly  modern,  fireproof  structure 
and  a  credit  to  any  city.  The  Broadwater  Hotel  has  recently  been  re- 
opened for  Park  to  Park — Yellowstone  to  Glacier — tourist  travel  primari- 
ly, and  Helena  is  well  equipped  in  this  line.  The  Broadwater  natator- 
lum,  the  largest  one  under  cover  and  of  national  reputation,  is  in  regular 
operation  as  in  past  years  and  is  as  popular  as  ever. 

Helena  is  the  center  of  an  extensive  mineral  region  and  there  is  a 
large  American  Smelting  and  Refining  Co.  smelter  at  East  Helena, 
passed  just  before  Helena  itself  is  reached. 

Educational  facilities  are  good  and  the  city  is  the  seat  of  the  Montana 
Wesleyan  University,  a  flourishing  Methodist  institution,  also  of  Mt.  St. 
Charles  College  for  boys,  a  Catholic  school. 

Helena  is  a  Northern  Pacific  division  and  district  terminal. 

North  from  Helena  can  be  seen  the  "Bear's  Tooth,"  a  well  known 
landmark,  and  near  this  peak  and  easily  reached  by  wagon  road  from 
Helena  are  the  ''Gates  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,"  marking  the  limits  of 
a  fine  canyon  first  seen  and  emphasized  by  Lewis  and  Clark  in  1805. 
The  canyon  is  several  miles  in  length,  the  walls  from  1,000  to  1,200  feet 
high,  and  it  is  well  worth  a  visit.  Before  reaching  the  Gates  of  the 
Mountains,  two  dams  constructed  across  the  Missouri  River  form  lakes 
Sewell,  Hauser  and  Helena,  or  Prickly  Pear.  They  form  very  attractive 
summer  resorts. 

Crossing  the  Main  Rockies  at  Mullan  Tunnel 

Westward  from  Helena  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
climbs  again  into  the  heart  of  the  mountains  crossing  the  Main  Range 
of  the  Rockies  at  Mullan  Pass  by  means  of  a  tunnel  3,875  feet  in  length 
at  an  altitude  of  5,566  feet.  Looking  east  from  the  line  as  it  approaches 
the  tunnel,  one  of  the  most  picturesque  regions  in  Montana  lies  spread 
out  below.  The  forest  covered  mountain  sides,  broken  here  and  there 
by  lofty  peaks  or  giant  rocks,  present  an  inspiring  panorama. 

{Page  ^3 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Butte,  Montana.      The  Great  Mining   Camp   of  the   World. 

GARRISON 

Altitude:  4,344  Feet 
Garrison,  on  the  Deer  Lodge  River,  recently  changed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  the  name  Clark  Fork  River,  being  a  continuation  of  the  old 
stream  of  that  name  below  Missoula,  is  the  junction  of  the  Helena 
line  and  the  other  division  of  the  main  hne  running  by  the  way  of  Butte. 
It  was  named  for  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,  the  noted  anti-slavery  agitator 
before  the  civil  war.  A  new  and  very  attractive  station  has  recently 
been  erected  at  Garrison  by  the  Northern  Pacific. 

Across  the   Mountains    at   Homestake  Pass 

There  is  perhaps  no  more  really  interesting  short  railway  journey  in 
the  United  States  than  the  ascent  of  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Main 
Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  from  Logan  to  the  summit  of  the  divide 
at  Homestake  Pass,  6,356  feet  elevation,  and  down  the  western  slope 
to  Butte. 

THREE  FORKS 
Population:  1,071 — Altitude:  4,081  Feet 

Three  Forks  lies  on  the  Butte  Main  hne  just  above  the  actual  junction 

[Page   50] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

of  the  Three  Forks  of  the  Missouri  from  which  fact  comes  its  name.  It 
is  attractively  located  in  the  wide  level  valley  and  in  recent  years  has 
made  a  rapid  growth  and  is  prospering. 

This  is  historic  ground.  Lewis  and  Clark  were  here  in  1805-6;  the 
Indian  woman  with  them  had  been  captured  here  by  her  enemies  and 
carried  eastward ;  one  of  the  earliest  fur  trading  posts  in  the  mountains 
was  built  here,  and  abandoned  because  of  the  hostile  Blackfeet  Indians; 
it  is  the  scene  of  some  of  the  hair  raising  exploits  of  John  Colter,  the  first 
white  man  to  see  any  part  of  the  Yellowstone  Park  country.  In  1914 
the  Montana  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution  set  up  a  huge 
boulder  here  with  a  properly  inscribed  bronze  plate,  in  honor  of  Saca- 
gawea,  the  Indian  Bird-woman  with  Lewis  and  Clark. 

SAPPINGTON 

Altitude:  4,205  Feet 

Sappington,  on  the  Jefferson  River,  and  passed  en  route,  is  the 
junction  with  a  branch  line  running  south  to  Pony  and  Norris.  From 
Norris  one  may  easily  find  his  way  by  auto  to  Ennis,  or  some  other 
point  on  the  Madison  River,  where  the  fishing  for  trout,  whitefish  and 
grayling  will  satisfy  the  inclination  and  hopes  of  the  seeker  after  such 
pleasurable  occupations.  The  Madison  Valley  is  a  beautiful  region  and 
hotel  accommodations  are  good. 

Near  Sappington,  at  Lime  Spur,  the  mammoth  limestone  caves, 
formerly  known  as  the  Shoshone  caverns,  high  up  in  the  mountains, 
are  located.  At  present  they  can  be  explored  only  after  a  climb  up  the 
mountain,  but  those  who  do  this  will  be  repaid  for  the  eff'ort.  The  full 
extent  of  these  caverns  is,  probably,  not  yet  known.  They  belong  to 
the  U.  S.  Government  and  have  been  set  aside  as  the  Lewis  and  Clark 
National  Monument,  named  after  Lewis  and  Clark. 

WHITEHALL 

Population:  629— Altitude:  4,371  Feet 

At  Whitehall,  another  branch  line  diverges  to  Twin  Bridges  and 
thence  to  Alder  in  the  Ruby  Valley.  JAlder  is  the  terminal  station  for, 
and  is  but  a  few  miles  from.  Alder  Gulch  and  Virginia  City,  noted  in  the 
history  of  Montana  for  their  remarkable  yield  of  placer  gold,  particualrly 
in  1863 — the  year  of  discovery — and  the  years  immediately  following. 
At  least  $60,000,000  has  been  produced  from  the  rich  gravels  and  they 
are  still  producing.  In  this  valley,  a  few  miles  above  Twin  Bridges,  is 
the  Beaverhead  Rock  of  Lewis  and  Clark,  now  generally  called  the 
Point  of  Rocks. 

Beyond  Pipestone  Springs  the  main  line  plunges  into  the  very  heart 
of  the  wild  Rocky  Mountain  country — a  country  "standing  on  edge.'* 
Winding  around  great  shoulders  of  granite  and  peaks  of  toothed  rocks, 
the  line  gradually  mounts  the  tremendous  grade,  penetrating,  meanwhile, 
into  wilder  and  wilder  scenes,  until  the  bands  of  steel  which  mark  the 
tracks  seem  almost  lost  in  the  maze  of  frowning  cliffs,  rocky  spires,  and 

[Page  ill 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


boulders  massed  on  the  mountain  sides.  After  a  long  climb  the  summit 
of  the  grade  is  finally  reached  at  Homestake  Tunnel,  from  which  point 
the  railway  begins  the  descent  into  the  tunnel  and  peaceful  Summit 
Valley,  where  Hes  Butte. 

From  many  points  before  reaching  Homestake,  as  the  train  mounts 
higher  and  higher  the  railway  may  be  seen  lying  along  the  mountain 
sides  at  different  levels,  and  the  traveler  is  able  to  gain  an  excellent  idea 
of  the  tortuous  windings  necessary  before  this  vast  mountain  wall 
yielded  to  the  construction  of  a  great  transcontinental  railway.  The 
descent  affords  many  striking  views.  The  North  Coast  Limited  train 
crosses  these  mountains  both  westbound  and  eastbound  in  the  morning, 
and  the  valley,  with  Butte  on  the  hillside  in  the  distance,  makes  an 
impressive  picture. 

BUTTE 

Population:  41,611 — Altitude:  5,596  Feet 

Butte  is  unique  among  the  cities  of  the  world.  It  takes  its  name 
from  a  large  isolated  butte  in  the  western  part  of  the  city.  Possessing 
all  the  untold  wealth  of  its  tremendous  copper  deposits,  with  thousands 
of  well  paid  miners,  with  a  large  and  growing  trade  in  commercial  lines, 
it  is  an  odd  and  interesting  combination  of  frontier  mining  camp  and 
modern  city,  manufacturing  point  and  well  kept  residential  center.  It 
is  a  city  of  glaring,  violent  contrasts,  where  money  seems  quite  the  easi- 
est of  all  things  to  obtain,  where  men  work  furiously  and  spend  the 
proceeds  of  their  labor  with  open  hand,  where  the  finer  instincts  of 


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IP'f  5»] 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

modern  city  life  struggle  constantly  with  the  old  order  of  things,  and 
where  the  mining  camp  and  twentieth  century  municipality  have  been 
mixed  into  one  rugged  and  gnarled  mass,  but  have  not  yet  quite  blended. 
Butte  boasts,  with  reason,  that  it  is  the  greatest  mining  camp  in  the 
world,  and  may,  with  equal  reason,  boast  of  its  achievements  as  a 
modern  city.  It  has  a  fine  Hbrary — 70,000  volumes —  and  Columbia 
Gardens,  in  the  suburbs,  is  a  most  interesting  park,  owned  by  private 
interests.  Butte  possesses  good  hotels  and  business  blocks,  paved 
streets,  and  all  the  usual  improvements  found  in  older  cities,  and  almost 
under  the  shadow  of  the  tall  smoke  stacks  of  her  great  mines  stand  homes 
in  which  the  comforts  and  luxuries  of  life  have  been  wrought  out  to  their 
finest  manifestations.  The  mines  of  Butte  top  her  every  hill  and  are 
indicated  by  the  great  gallows  frames  and  smoke  stacks  piercing  the 
sky  line  and  marking  where  in  the  depths  of  the  earth  the  marvelously 
rich  copper  veins  lie.  Day  and  night,  without  cessation,  the  year  around, 
the  miners  delve  and  toil  in  these  shafts  and  cross  cuts,  sending  ton 
after  ton  of  the  valuable  gray  ore  to  the  surface  to  be  quickly  trans- 
ferred to  the  smelters  and  there  reduced  to  merchantable  metal.  The 
Butte  mines  produce  annually  more  than  300,000,000  pounds  of  copper, 
250,000,000  pounds  of  zinc  concentrates,  and  in  1920,  126,000,000 
pounds  of  manganese  ore.  It  produced  30  per  cent  of  the  copper  mined 
in  the  United  States.    The  State  School  of  Mines  is  at  Butte. 

The  small  stream  known  at  Butte  as  the  Silver  Bow  River  is  followed 
by  the  railway  and  soon  becomes  the  Clark  Fork  of  the  Columbia  and 
flows  into  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  in  Idaho,  thence  into  the  Columbia  River. 


From     Butte     to     Missoula 

Westward,  the  railway,  leaving  Butte,  by  way  of  the  Silver  Bow 
Canyon,  soon  emerges  into  the  Deer  Lodge  Valley  and  follows  the  Clark 
Fork  River. 

ANACONDA 

Population:  11,668 — Altitude:  5,331  Feet 

Anaconda  is  the  great  smelter  city  of  Montana  and  reduces  about 
seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  ores  brought  to  the  surface  at  Butte.  Here 
are  located  the  great  Washoe  smelters  and  refining  works  of  the  Amal- 
gamated Copper  Company,  the  largest  in  the  world.  They  were  built 
at  a  cost  of  $12,000,000.  Three  thousand  or  more  men  work  in  the 
smelters  and  other  thousands  are  employed  in  the  machine  and  repair 
shops  and  in  the  related  industries  and  the  other  enterprises  of  which 
the  city  and  Butte  boasts.  There  is  produced  monthly  by  the  Anaconda 
company  400  tons  of  arsenic,  900  tons  of  sulpher-phosphate  and  200 
tons  a  day  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Anaconda  has  a  fine  hotel,  many  nice  residences,  and  is  a  good  type 
of  a  western  home  city.  An  imposing  library  building  presented  to  it 
by  Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  forms  one  of  its  more  prominent  features. 

{Page  531 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highways 


The  Beautiful  Flathead  Lake   Country   in   Montana  is  Just  Acquiring  Deserved  Prominence. 

The  city  is  located  on  the  Northern  Pacific  spur  line,  also  on  the  Butte, 
Anaconda  &  Pacific  Railway,  is  easily  reached  from  Butte,  and  is  cer- 
tainly worth  visiting  to  see  its  wonderful  smelters.  The  new  and  very 
high  smelter  stack  is  visible  from  the  train. 

DEER  LODGE 

Population:  3,780— Altitude:  4,530  Feet 
The  town  of  Deer  Lodge  is  the  most  important  direct  main  hne  point 
between  Butte  and  Garrison.  At  Warm  Springs  the  Montana  State 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  with  unusually  beautiful  grounds,  may  be  seen, 
and  at  Galen,  just  beyond  Warm  Springs,  is  the  State  Tuberculosis 
Sanatorium.  These  state  institutions  are  being  constructed  and  arranged 
so  as  to  add  contentment,  happiness,  comfort,  etc.,  to  the  inmates  forced 
to  be  there.  Note,  from  the  train,  the  grounds  with  their  flowers,  dairy 
herds,  etc.  Deer  Lodge  is  the  location  of  the  Montana  State  Peniten- 
tiary, the  buildings  of  which  are  seen  to  the  right  of  the  railway.  Just 
before  reaching  Deer  Lodge,  to  the  west  and  near  the  track,  may  be  seen 
a  large  hot  spring  cone  in  shape  similar  to  an  Indian  lodge,  from  which 
the  valley  and  town  took  their  name.  Along  the  tracks,  as  the  train 
enters  Deer  Lodge,  may  be  seen  during  the  summer,  the  beautiful  Bitter 
Root  flower  which  grows  in  many  parts  of  Montana  and  is  the  State 
flower.    The  plant  clings  close  to  the  ground  and  puts  forth  a  beautiful 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 

bloom,  a  single  flower,  similar  in  size  to  the  rose  and  varying  in  shade 
from  a  deep  blood  red  to  the  finer  shades  of  pink. 

At  Garrison,  the  main  line  from  Logan  via  Helena  rejoins  the  main 
line  through  Butte  and  the  railway  plunges  again  into  mountain  canyons. 
Between  Garrison  and  Missoula  the  road  is  double-tracked,  automatic 
block  signal  protected,  well  baUasted  and  as  fine  a  piece  of  railroad  as  is 
to  be  found  in  the  country. 

After  leaving  Garrison  there  are  many  beautiful  views  of  mountain 
scenery.  On  the  left  hand  may  be  seen  the  snow  capped  peak  of  Mount 
PoweU.  The  railway  foflows  the  Clark  Fork  River  and  Valley  which, 
narrowing,  forms  Hell  Gate  Canyon.  The  canyon  varies  much  in  width, 
with  high,  rugged  mountains  on  either  side.  The  scenery  at  points  is 
of  a  decidedly  wild  cast  and  rivets  the  attention  of  travelers.  In  the 
early  days  it  was  the  main  Indian  thoroughfare  between  the  Bitter  Root 
VaUey  region  and  the  country  east  of  the  mountains,  and  later,  also,  the 
stage  route  between  the  same  sections. 

Gold  Creek,  the  railway  station,  is  located  not  far  from  the  old 
mining  town  of  Pioneer  where  placer  mining  is  still  carried  on.  The 
first  gold  in  Montana  was  discovered  in  1852  on  Gold  Creek.  Between 
Garrison  and  Gold  Creek  is  the  point  where  the  two  sections  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  advancing  from  the  east  and  from  the  yv^&t,  were 
joined  in  September,  1883,  marking  the  completion  of  the  transconti- 
nental route  and  a  second  great  steel  highway  from  the  Mississippi  to 
the  tide  waters  of  the  Pacific.  The  first  iron  spike  driven,  near  Duluth, 
when  construction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  was  commenced, 
in  the  winter  of  1870,  had  been  preserved  and  was  the  last  spike  driven 
to  complete  the  transcontinental  line.  It  was  hammered  home  by 
President  Henry  Villard,  in  the  presence  of  hundreds  of  distinguished 
men,  including  ex-President  Grant,  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States 
and  Europe.  It  was  the  culmination  of  a  magnificent  project  and  an 
hour  of  supreme  achievement.  President  Villard,  a  man  with  an  ex- 
ceedingly interesting  career,  died  a  few  years  since  after  seeing  the 
country  for  which  he  had  done  so  much,  fulfill  to  a  large  degree  the 
prophecies  he  long  before  had  made  for  it. 

DRUMMOND 

Altitude:  3,967  Feet 

At  Drummond  a  branch  line  runs  south  to  Philipsburg,  a  mining 
town,  and  it  was  at  Philipsburg  that  manganese  was  found  in  quantities 
sufficient  for  the  manufacture  of  guns  to  carry  on  the  World  War.  In 
this  region  some  of  the  earliest  silver  mining  in  Montana  was  carried  on 
in  the  60's.  Valuable  phosphate  deposits  exist  in  the  vicinity  of  Philips- 
burg and  also  near  Elliston  and  Garrison  on  the  main  line. 

BONNER 

Altitude:  3,321  Feet 
Bonner  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Clark  Fork — until  recently 

[Page  55] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


"The  North   Coast    Limited"  at  Missoula,   Mont. 

called  the  Hell  Gate — and^  Big'  Blackfoot  rivers.  It  is  an  industrial 
center.  There  is,  here,  a  sawmill  of  the  Anaconda^  Copper  Mining 
Company  with  a  capacity  of  250,000  feet  of  lumber  a  day;  ex-Senator 
W.  A.  Clark  has  another  mill  that  rips  out  100,000  feet  per  day  and  the 
PoIIeys  Lumber  Company  has  a  mill  with  a  capacity  of  100,000  feet. 
Mr.  Clark  hkewise  has  an  electric  plant  of  5,000  horsepower  which 
furnishes  power  for  electric  lights  at  Missoula,  the  operation  of  Northern 
Pacific  shops  at  Missoula,  as  well  as  power  for  an  electric  hne  from 
Missoula  to  Hamilton  and  serving  also  the  small  towns  through  the 
Bitter  Root  Valley  with  light  and  power.  This  plant  also  furnishes 
power  for  a  street  car  line  covering  the  city  of  Missoula  and  for  a  sub- 
urban hne  of  six  miles,  Missoula  to  Bonner. 

The  Hell  Gate  Canyon,  in  this  vicinity,  is  of  imposing  dimensions 
and  appearance.  There  is  also  much  agricultural  land  and  many  fine 
ranches  along  the  river  bottom. 

MISSOULA 

Population:  12,668— Altitude:  3,223  Feet 

Missoula,  lying  in  an  extensive  and  beautiful  basin  entirely  hemmed 
in  by  fine  subsidiary  mountain][ranges  of  the  Rockies,  is  one  of  the  most 

[Page  561 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

■i 


A  Panoramic  View  of  the  Bitter  Root  Valley,  Mont.     A  Vale  of  Plenitude. 

attractive  cities  of  Montana  and  guards  the  western  approach  to  Hell 
Gate  Canyon.  It  is  a  Northern  Pacific  division  headquarters  and  the 
division  staff  have  their  offices  in  the  attractive  passenger  station  at 
this  point.  The  city  lies  on  the  banks  of  Rattlesnake  Creek  and  what 
has  been  called  in  the  past,  both  Hell  Gate  and  Missoula  River.  The 
government,  as  previously  stated,  has  recently  appHed  the  name  of 
Clark  Fork  to  the  entire  stream  from  near  Butte  to  Lake  Pend  Oreille 
and  the  Columbia.  The  city  is  a  few  miles  above  the  junction  of  the 
Clark  Fork  with  the  Bitter  Root  River.  Its  outskirts  stretch  well  away 
towards  the  mountains  and  contain  many  beautiful  suburban  homes. 

Missoula  is  a  city  of  much  commercial  importance  and  has  a  very 
extensive  trade  with  Western  Montana  and  Eastern  Idaho.  The  busi- 
ness section  of  the  city  is  well  built  up,  of  substantial  stone  and  brick 
structures,  on  wide  streets. 

Within  its  roomy  domain  are  a  sawmill,  flour  mill  and  a  sash  and 
door  factory.  Lying  almost  within  the  city  limits  are  many  fine  fruit 
orchards,  the  products  of  irrigation  and  bearing  heavy  crops.  Four 
miles  distant,  on  the  Bitter  Root  River  and  well  sheltered  by  the  moun- 
tains, lies  Fort  Missoula,  one  of  the  two  or  three  most  attractive  military 
posts  in  the  country  and  an  interesting  point  for  the  tourist  to  visit. 
It  has  recently  been  very  much  improved  at  a  heavy  expenditure. 

Missoula  is  the  diverging  point  of  the  Bitter  Root  branch  which, 
extending  to  the  south,  taps  one  of  the  very  finest  and  most  valuable 
agricultural  districts  in  Montana,  or  the  eptire  west.  It  is  also,  virtually, 
the  point  where  the  new  main  line  via  St.  Regis  and  into  the  great  Coeur 
d'AIene  mining  district  tributary  to  Wallace,  Burke,  and  Wardner  makes 
connection  with  the  old  main  line,  the  actual  diverging  point  being 
De  Smet.  The  Coeur  d*AIene  region  ranks  as  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  productive  silver  mining  camps  in  the  country.  It  lies  in  the 
heart  of  the  Coeur  d'AIene  Range,  135  miles  from  Missoula. 

From  Iron  Mountain  and  De  Borgia,  on  the  Coeur  d'AIene  line, 
some  of  the  finest  trout  fishing  in  the  wildest  mountain  regions  of  the 
West  may  be  found.  From  Iron  Mountain  a  good  trail  leads  across  the 
mountains  to  nice  camping  grounds  on  the  Clearwater  River,  distant 
twenty-seven  miles.  From  De  Borgia  a  good  trail,  also,  leads  to  a  region 
of  good  camping  grounds  on  the  St.  Joe  River,  where  trout  and  salmon 

IP  age  57} 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 

fishing  are  found.  On  this  trail  cabins  are  located  for  necessary  use. 
The  fishing  here  referred  to  is  exceptional  and  outfitting  may  be  ar- 
ranged at  either  point  named. 

.From  Missoula,  the  region  northward  and  east  of  the  Mission  Range, 
forms  a  wonderful  hunting,  camping  and  fishing  country.  It  is  reached 
from  Drummond  or  Missoula  via  Ovando  by  pack  train. 

The  Bitter  Root  Mountains  and  Lolo  Peak,  to  the  south  of  the  city, 
form  a  beautiful  landscape.  Here  is  another  fine  fishing  and  hunting 
region. 

Missoula  is  the  seat  of  the  Montana  State  University,  a  young  but 
rapidly  growing  institution  that  has  already  made  its  mark,  and  here 
also  is  located  one  of  the  very  fine  hospitals  maintained  by  the  employes 
of  the  railway  company  through  the  Northern  Pacific  Beneficial  Asso- 
ciation. 

The  Bitter  Root  Valle}^ 

The  Bitter  Root  Valley,  at  the  foot  of  which  Missoula  lies,  is  not  only 
one  of  the  richest  and  most  beautiful  of  western  valleys,  but  it  is  one 
of  the  most  interesting  historically.  Lewis  and  Clark  traversed  the 
valley  in  1805-6  and  some  of  their  greatest  hardships  were  encountered 
in  crossing  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains.  The  point  where  their  trail 
turned  into  the  range  is  less  than  twelve  miles  above  Missoula.  On  the 
return  in  1806,  Lewis  with  a  detached  party  crossed  the  ground  whereon 
part  of  Missoula  now  stands,  and  followed  the  route  of  the  railway  up 
the  Hell  Gate  Canyon  and  the  Big  Blackfoot  River  and  across  the 
mountains  to  where  Great  Falls  now  is  an  important  city. 

It  was  but  twenty-eight  miles  up  this  valley,  at  Stevensville,  that 
the  renowned  Father  De  Smet  established  his  first  mission  to  the  Salish, 
or  Flathead  Indians,  in  1841.  St.  Mary's  Mission  it  was  called  and  the 
old  church  still  stands  and  is  used  at  remote  intervals.  The  Indians 
however,  were  removed  many  years  ago  to  the  Jocko  and  Flathead 
valleys  across  the  mountains  to  the  north. 

The  first  sawmill  and  the  first  grist  mill  in  Montana  were  constructed 
at  St.  Mary's  Mission. 

HAMILTON 

Population:  1,700— Altitude:  3,583  Feet 

Nearly  fifty  miles  up  the  valley,  at  Hamilton,  were  the  former  head- 
quarters of  the  late  Marcus  Daly's  very  large  ranch  and  stock  farm. 
Here  too,  one  of  the  best  tourist  hotels  in  the  West,  The  Ravalli,  built 
by  Mr.  Daly,  was  formerly  kept  open  the  year  around.  Now,  Mr.  Daly 
has  passed  away,  his  great  stock  farm  is  a  thing  of  the  past,  save  as  a 
magnificent  private  farm,  and  the  Ravalli  has  burned.  Truly,  as 
Tennyson  says,  "All  things  human  change." 

The  Bitter  Root  Valley  has  acquired  a  wide  reputation  for  the  ex- 
cellence of  the  fruit,  particularly  the  Mcintosh  Red  Apple,  and  the 

iPage  58} 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


I 


A   Model  Ranch   and  Alfalfa   Field  in   the  Bitter  Root    Valley,   Montana. 

vegetable  products  raised  by  irrigation  within  its  borders.  In  crop, 
poultry,  etc.,  yields  the  valley  is  known  as  a  $2,000,000  a  year  valley. 
Large  irrigation  enterprises  are  centered  here.  In  any  investigation  of 
farming  or  fruit  culture  this  valley  should  certainly  be  included  as  its 
advantages  are  manifold.  Climate,  soil,  altitude,  abundance  of  water, 
timber  and  grasses,  grazing  conditions,  dairying  excellencies,  all  com- 
bine to  make  it  an  ideal  valley.  There  are  1,200  square  miles  of  U.  S. 
Forest  Reserve  pastures  in  the  mountains,  free  from  poisonous  plants 
and  adjacent  to  the  valley.  Bees  are  an  extremely  profitable  source  of 
income. 


Through    the    Coriacan    Defile 

DE  SMET 

Altitude:  3,237  Feet 

De  Smet,  a  junction  just  beyond  Missoula,  was  named  for  Father 
De  Smet,  the  noted  Catholic  Missionary.  Here  the  main  line  divides, 
the  old  line  continuing  across  the  Mission  Range.  A  line  from  St.  Regis 
to  Paradise,  in  conjunction  with  a  part  of  the  old  Coeur  d'AIene  branch, 
now  forms  a  new  main  line  down  the  Clark  Fork  River  to  Paradise  on 
the  original  main  line  at  the  confluence  of  the  Flathead  and  the  Clark 
Fork  rivers.  This  new  line  avoids  the  climb  over  the  mountains  and  at 
the  same  time  opens  up  a  new  and  very  fine  scenic  line  through  the 
Coeur  d'AIene  Range  of  the  Rockies.    Beyond  St.  Regis  a  branch  line 

[Page  59'\ 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

continues  to  Wallace  and  the  Coeur  d'AIene  mining  country,  as  pre- 
viously noted. 

It  was  along  the  St.  Regis  route  that  Lieut.  John  MuIIan,  of  Governor 
Stevens'  Northern  Pacific  Exploration,  in  1859-62  constructed  his  well 
known  wagon  road  from  Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  to  Fort  Benton,  Mont. 
From  Missoula  it  followed  the  Clark  Fork — Hell  Gate — and  Little 
Blackfoot  rivers  to  MuIIan  Pass  and  thence  north  to  destination. 

West  of  Missoula  the  Northern  Pacific  main  line  again,  and  for  the 
last  time,  climbs  the  Rockies,  and  passes  over  a  low  divide  of  the  Mission 
Range  at  Evaro  amid  beautiful  mountain  scenes.  Fourteen  miles  from 
Missoula  the  line  enters  the  Coriacan  defile  after  crossing  the  Marent 
gulch  on  a  steel  trestle  856  feet  in  length,  the  center  span  of  which  is 
226  feet  above  the  creek.  This  locality  has  been  the  scene  of  many  a 
fierce  Indian  conflict.  Hell  Gate  Canyon  to  the  east,  and  the  Coriacan 
defile,  if  they  could  talk,  could  tell  thrilling  tales  of  ambuscades,  night 
attacks,  and  battles,  between  the  Flathead  and  Blackfeet  Indians  in 
the  early  days.  Before  the  whites  came,  the  murderous  Blackfeet  am- 
bushed and  massacred  Chief  Coriacan  and  a  party  of  the  Flatheads  in 
the  defile  which  now  bears  his  name.  The  triumphant  Blackfeet  re- 
treated with  rich  booty  and  many  scalps,  only  to  meet  a  like  fate  a  few 
years  later  at  the  same  spot  when  a  war  party  was  ambushed  and  wiped 
out  by  Flathead  braves  who  thus  avenged  the  death  of  the  old  chief. 

ARLEE 

Altitude:  3,094  Feet 

Arlee,  the  Indian  for  "Henry,"  named  in  honor  of  a  chief  of  the  Flat- 
heads,  now  dead,  lies  on  the  railway  near  the  Flathead  reservation. 
When  about  half  way  between  Evaro  and  Arlee  the  old  agency  buildings, 
about  five  miles  distant,  may  be  seen  at  the  foot  of  the  Mission  Range. 

The  Flatheads,  or  properly,  Salish,  Indians,  have  from  earliest  time 
been  known  as  the  firm  friends  of  the  whites.  The  term  Flathead  is  a 
mistake  as  applied  to  this  tribe  who  were  never  guilty  of  the  practice 
from  which  the  name  sprang. 

Besides  Flatheads,  there  are  Kootenai,  Pend  Oreille,  and  Kalispell 
Indians  on  the  reservation.  These  Indians  are  advanced  in  grazing  and 
agricultural  pursuits  and  are  quite  well  off. 

RAVALLI 

Altitude:  2  J 14  Feet 
Ravalli  takes  it  name  from  Father  Ravalli,  a  brave  priest,  who 
labored  among  the  Flatheads  and  allied  tribes  for  forty  years  and  went 
to  his  rest  in  1884,  loved  and  revered  by  Indians  and  whites.  St.  Ig- 
natius Mission,  six  miles  from  the  station,  is  the  oldest  Catholic  Mission 
to  the  Indians  in  the  northern  Rocky  Mountain  region  with  the  single 
exception  of  St.  Mary's  Mission  in  the  Bitter  Root  Valley.  It  was  es- 
tablished in  1854  and  is  a  most  interesting  spot  to  visit.  It  lies  at  the 
base  of  the  Mission  Range,  an  unusually  fine  sub  range  of  the  Rockies. 
A  large  number  of  Indian  children  attend  the  Mission  school.    These 

[Page  6o] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 


Lake   McDonald   and   Mission   Range,   Flathead  Lake   Country,   Montana. 

are  taught  and  cared  for  not  only  by  the. Fathers,  but  by  Sisters  of 
Providence  and  Ursuline  Nuns. 

This  is  a  part  of  the  former  Flathead  reservation,  containing  about 
1,425,000  acres,  the  surplus  lands  of  which,  after  the  allotments  made  to 
the  Indians,  were  thrown  open  to  settlement  in  1909.  The  lands  are 
rich  and  fertile,  well  drained,  and  large  grain  and  fruit  crops  are  raised 
on  the  many  fine  ranch  homes  now  occupied  by  white  settlers. 

The  Government  is  working  out,  on  the  old  reservation,  another 
important  reclamation  project. 

To  the  north  He  Poison,  Flathead  Lake  and  the  Kalispell  country  and 
during  the  summer  stages  and  autos  make  regular  trips  between  Ravalli 
and  the  lake. 

Ravalli  is  the  point  where  the  American  Bison  Society  has  established 
the  Montana  National  Bison  Range  for  the  preservation  of  the  great 
American  Buffalo,  or  Bison,  few  of  which  are  now  to  be  found.  The 
nucleus  herd  was  placed  on  the  range  in  1909  and  now  numbers  340 
very  fine  bisons.  Other  wild  animals  will  also  be  established  on  the 
reserve,  and  there  are  already  a  few  elk  and  antelopes  there. 

This  bison  range  consists  of  more  than  eighteen  thousand  acres  and 
passengers  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  may,  between  Ravalli  and 
Dixon,  see  it  from  the  train.    The  southeastern  corner  of  the  range  is 

[Page  (J/] 


aAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa3r 

right  at  Ravalli,  within  five  minutes'  walk  of  the  railway  station,  and 
the  railway  follows  the  southern  hne  of  the  bison  reservation. 

DIXON 

Altitude:  2,531  Feet 

The  railway  follows  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Jocko  River  to  its 
confluence  with  the  Flathead  River,  at  Dixon,  and  thence  follows  the 
Flathead  to  its  junction  with  the  Clark  Fork  River.  The  united  streams, 
the  Clark  Fork  of  the  Columbia  River,  mark  a  river  and  canyon  valley 
of  very  great  beauty,  stretching  westward  to  the  large  and  beautiful 
body  of  water  known  as  Lake  Pend  Oreille. 

In  1918  the  Northern  Pacific  completed  a  branch  line,  from  Dixon, 
on  the  main  line,  north  to  Poison  on  the  south  shore  of  Flathead  Lake. 
This  branch  line  opens  up  to  public  visitation  and  use  the  wonderful, 
healthful,  and  prolific  Flathead  Valley.  Connection  by  train  is  made 
at  Poison  with  steamers  on  the  Flathead  Lake,  which  in  turn  connect 
with  Great  Northern  trains  at  Somers.  This  constitutes  a  new  and 
most  attractive  Park  to  Park  route  from  Yellowstone  to  Glacier  Park, 
or  the  reverse,  through  a  region  replete  with  surprises  and  scenic 
beauties  beyond  compare.  Near  Dixon  is  the  Flathead  Indian  Agency. , 
A  good  highway  extends  from  Dixon  to  Ronan  on  the  Park  to  Park  I 
highway,  from  Ravalli  northward. 

The  Flathead  River  was  formerly  one  of  the  many  trade  ro  ;;es  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

At  Perma,  on  the  main  line,  a  wagon  bridge  has  been  built  acr  the 
Flathead  River.  The  Camas  F*rairie  and  the  Little  Bitter  Root  valk^  .  to 
the  north  can  now  be  reached  by  automobile  from  Perma.  Camas  Prairie 
is  distant  eight  miles  and  Hot  Springs,  in  the  Little  Bitter  Root  Valley, 
twenty  miles.  The  Hot  Springs  are  owned  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment and  are  considered,  from  a  medical  standpoint,  the  equal  of  any 
in  the  United  States. 

PARADISE 

Altitude:  2,499  Feet 

Paradise  is  the  junction  of  the  two  main  lines  from  Missoula,  one 
across  the  mountain  through  the  Coriacan  defile  and  down  the  Jocko 
and  Flathead  rivers,  and  the  other  line  recently  constructed  down  the 
Clark  Fork  River,  formerly  known  as  the  Missoula,  and  again,  tl-  ^^el\ 
Gate  River. 

Time  changes  here  from  Mountain  time  to  Pacific  time,  oiu  hour 
earlier.    Paradise  is  a  district  terminal. 

Here  is  located  another  tie  treating  plant  similar  to  the  one  at 
Brainerd,  Minnesota.  It  cost  $125,000  and  has  a  capacity  of  1,000,000 
ties  a  year. 

The  valley  from  Paradise  for  many  miles  to  the  west  is  a  level,  beau- 
tiful mountain-girt  valley,  having  a  mild  climate  and,  with  irrigation, 
raising  about  all  that  one  needs  from  an  agricultural  point  of  view. 

iPage  (5^] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 

PLAINS 

_  Population:  452— Altitude:  2,482  Feet 

Plains  is  a  thriving  town  which  has  grown  rapidly  during  recent 
years.  From  Plains  a  stage  ride  often  miles  takes  the  tourist  to  Paradise 
Hot  Springs.  The  Plains  Valley  with  Paradise  Valley  lying  just  to  the 
east  of  Horse  Plains,  as  Plains  and  the  valley  were  formerly  called,  were 
favorite  wintering  grounds  for  the  Indians  and  their  horses  in  the  early 
days  before  the  white  man  came  into  the  country. 

Adjacent  to  Plains  are  rich  agricultural  lands  which  produce  luscious 
apples,  strawberries,  and  other  fruits  and  yield  heavy  crops  of  cereals. 
The  climate  is  mild  and  healthful. 

THOMPSON  FALLS 

Population:  508— Altitude:  2,462  Feet 

Thompson  Falls  is  another  point  of  importance  in  the  Clark  Fork 
Valley,  the  principal  industries  of  which  are  mining  and  lumbering. 
There  is  very  fine  water  power  here.  The  Montana  Power  Co.  has  a 
50,uv)0  horsepower  plant  here  visible  from  the  trains.  The  town  was 
named  after  David  Thompson,  a  prominent  British  explorer  and  geo- 
grapher who  was  in  this  region  and  discovered  the  falls  in  1809. 

This  is  the  county  seat  of  the  county  of  Sanders. 

There  is  much  good  agricultural  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Thompson 
Falls,  and  this,  with  the  almost  unlimited  water  power  and  the  extensive 
timh  lands,  is  bound  to  develop  a  sturdy  and  prosperous  young  city 
•  aear  future.    There  are  a  good  hotel,  court  house,  school  house, 

L  ^re. 

:ear  Cabinet  the  Clark  Fork  River  suddenly  becomes  compressed 
within  narrow,  fluted  rock  walls  100  or  150  feet  high,  forming  a  very 
enlivening  and  picturesque  scene  easily  viewed  from  the  cars  and  known 
as  Cabinet  Gorge.  The  Montana-Idaho  line  has  now  been  crossed  into 
Idaho. 

F  re  the  mountains — the  Coeur  d'Alenes  to  the  south  and  the 
Cabinet  range  to  the  north — come  close  together,  making  a  combination 
very    Tective. 

At  the  eastern  extremity  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille  and  at  the  mouth  ot 
the  Clark  Fork  River  is  the  town  of  Clark's  Fork. 

It  is  an  enterprising  little  place,  with  electric  lighted  streets,  fire 
department,  weekly  paper,  churches,  hotel,  and  the  usual  complement 
of  stores.  It  is  in  the  heart  of  an  excellent  hunting  and  fishing  section. 
Government  Forest  Service  recently  constructed  what  is  known 
as  \  ,jk  Saddle  Cut  Ofl"  Trail"  from  Clark's  Fork,  15  to  20  miles  south, 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Coeur  d'Alene  River,  in 
order  i:o  gain  access  to  their  camp  on  Deep  Creek.  This  trail  encounters 
mountain  streams  which  abound  with  mountain  and  rainbow  trout,  and 
there  are  plenty  of  deer,  also  some  bear  and  mountain  goats.  The 
scenery  along  the  trail  is  unusually  beautiful — at  one  point,  about  three 
miles  from  Clark's  Fork,  a  view  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille  is  gained  which 
Is  so  remarkably  picturesque,  it  is  the  opinion  of  competent  judges  that 
the  scenery  thereabout  is  not  to  be  surpassed  anywhere. 

iPage  63I 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)r 


HOPE 

Population:  160— Altitude:  2,087  Feet 

Hope  is  a  picturesque  town  at  the  head  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  one  of 
the  finest  bodies  of  water  in  the  entire  Rocky  Mountain  country.  This 
great  lake  is  fifty-five  miles  in  length  and  varies  in  width  from  two  to 
fifteen  miles.  The  blue  waters  of  the  lake  fill  what  was  once  a  very  deep 
mountain  depression  extending  north  and  south  in  its  general  direction, 
but  with  a  long  arm  at  the  north,  extending  many  miles  to  the  west, 
At  one  point  soundings  have  been  made  to  the  depth  of  4,000  feet  without 
finding  bottom.  Rising  from  the  water's  edge  on  all  sides  are  mag- 
nificent mountains,  black  with  forest.  Back  from  the  lake  on  the  east, 
west,  and  south  are  other  ranges  of  mountains  rising  tier  upon  tier,  while 
the  north  end  is  also  hemmed  in  by  an  exceedingly  broken  and  rugged 
country  and  among  these  ranges  there  are  many  mining  districts. 

Hope  is  built  on  the  sides  of  a  mountain  so  steep  that  its  streets 
occupy  levels  300  feet  above  or  below  each  other.  At  this  point  the  old 
mining  trails  and  the  old  fur  trade  route  to  the  Kootenai  River  country 
began. 

The  first  cabin  in  the  present  state  of  Idaho,  built  by  a  white  man, 
was  on  Lake  Pend  Oreille  near  the  mouth  of  the  Clark  Fork  River. 
David  Thompson  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Co.  constructed  it  in  1806. 
He  built  a  fur  company  post  on  the  lake  and  called  it  Kullyspell,  from 
which  comes  the  present  name  Kalispell. 

KOOTENAI 

Population:  245— Altitude:  2,129  Feet 
Kootenai  and  Sand  Point,  also  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Pend  Oreille, 
have  become  points  of  considerable  and  growing  importance  because  of 
the  lumber  industry  and  the  big  mills  centered  there.  At  Kootenai,  just 
east  of  Sand  Point  and  a  district  terminal,  there  is  a  roundhouse,  coal 
sheds,  water  tank,  etc. 

[Page  64] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


IB 


A    Home   on    Flathead    Lake.      One    of   Montana's   Garden   Spots. 


SAND  POINT 

Population:  2,876— Altitude:  2,096  Feet 

At  Sand  Point  the  lines  of  the  Great  Northern  and  the  Spokane 
International  railways  give  access  to  the  Kootenai  Valley  and  country 
to  the  north.  Just  beyond  Sand  Point  the  Northern  Pacific  crosses  the 
lake  upon  an  immense  steel  and  concrete  viaduct  which  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  world.  It  is  4,769  feet  — nine-tenths  of  a  mile — in  length, 
with  a  draw  span  for  the  passage  of  boats.  The  road  from  here  to 
Spokane  passes  through  an  exceedingly  picturesque  and  mountainous 
region.  At  one  point,  at  the  north  of  the  track,  Cocolalla  Lake  forms 
an  attractive  picture.  The  cleared  lands  are  valuable  for  fruit  and 
general  crops  and  arc  rapidly  being  thus  utilized. 

RATHDRUM 

Population:  509— Altitude:  2,212  Feet 

Rathdrum  is  located  on  the  verge  of  the  great  Spokane  Plain.  Its 
tributary  country  contains  much  excellent  timber  and  some  very  rich 
agricultural  and  fruit  land  and  provides  a  good  range  for  live  stock. 
Reached  from  here  by  a  short  drive  is  Hayden  Lake,  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  finely  appointed  mountain  summer  resorts  in  the  North- 
west and  now  a  very  prominent  one  and  much  frequented  by  Spokane 
residents  and  other  people. 


The   Coeur    d'Alene    Mining    Region 

HAUSER  JUNCTION 

Altitude:  2,140  Feet 

Hauser  Junction  lies  close  to  the  boundary  line  between  Idaho  and 
Washington  and  marks  the  junction  of  the  Spokane-Coeur  d'Alene  Lake 

[Page  651 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


Lake  Pend   Oreille,    One  of  Idaho's  Most  Attractive  Resorts— For  Hunting,   Fishing   or  Rest. 


branch  for  Coeur  d'AIene  City  and  Lake  Coeur  d'AIene,  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  main  hne.  Passenger  and  freight  service  is  maintained 
in  connection  with  the  steamers  over  Lake  Coeur  d'AIene  to  Harrison, 
Idaho,  and  to  points  on  the  shadowy  Saint  Joe  River.  From  Harrison 
to  ^yaIIace  via  the  O.-W.  R.  R.  &  N.  Co.  hne,  thence  via  the  Northern 
Pacific  to  its  new  main  hne  at  St.  Regis  and  on  to  De  Smet  and  Missoula, 
Mont.,  this  service  is  continued. 

Post  Falls,  the  oldest  town  in  the  county,  is  a  growing  town  located 
at  the  falls  of  the  Spokane  River  and  has  immense  water  power  at  its 
door,  only  partly  developed. 

COEUR  D'ALENE 

Population:  6,447— Altitude:  2,163  Feet 
Coeur  d'AIene  city  is  a  very  attractive  place  on  Coeur  d'AIene  Lake, 
at  the  terminus  of  the  branch  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  from  Hauser. 
It  is  the  county  seat  of  Kootenai  County,  has  a  large  lumber  business, 
is  at  the  foot  of  navigation  on  Coeur  d'AIene  Lake  and  is  the  center  of 
influence  in  this  region.  It  is  a  well  built  city,  has  a  good  hotel,  and  is 
growing.    This  entire  section  is  a  great  summer  resort  and  outing  spot. 

[Pagt  <56] 


cXlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

Lake  Coeur  d'AIene  is  a  large  and  beautiful  body  of  water  and  the 
source  of  Spokane  River.  Lake  and  river  steamers  here  connect  with 
the  railway  for  points  on  the  lake  and  the  shadowy  St.  Joe  River,  one  of 
the  most  fascinating  streams  in  the  United  States.  A  trip  on  this  river 
is  one  of  many  scenic  dehghts.  On  this  lake  are  the  summer  homes  of 
many  who  reside  in  Spokane  and  other  cities  of  Idaho  and  Washington. 

North  of  Coeur  d'AIene  city  lies  Hayden  Lake,  another  extremely 
beautiful  lake,  reached  by  trolley  from  Spokane  and  Coeur  d'AIene 
City.     It  is  a  gem,  with  a  fine  hotel,  cottages,  golf  links,  fishing  etc. 

The  usual  varieties  of  fish  are  plentiful  in  these  lakes  and  rivers. 

Wallace,  Wardner,  Burke,  Gem,  MuIIan,  Murray,  Kellogg,  Harrison, 
towns  of  the  Coeur  d'AIene  mining  region  are  reached  from  Spokane  by 
the  branch  line  from  Hauser,  the  lake  steamers,  etc.,  and  also  directly 
from  Missoula  via  the  Coeur  d'AIene  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific. 
These  mining  towns  are  noted  for  their  uniformity  and  regularity  of 
production.  They  add  in  the  neighborhood  of  $20,000,000  annually 
to  the  commerce  of  the  world.  The  towns  named,  except  Harrison,  are 
clustered  deep  among  the  Coeur  d'AIene  Mountains  and  are  typical 
and  advanced  mining  towns.  Harrison  is  a  prosperous  lumber  town 
on  Lake  Coeur  d'AIene,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Coeur  d'AIene  River. 

At  Kellogg  one  of  the  big  smelters  of  the  country  is  found.  The 
Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  and  Concentrating  Company  is  a 
"self-contained"  proposition  where  mining,  concentrating,  smelting, 
refining  and  the  marketing  of  silver-lead  ores  and  bullion  are  carried 
on  under  one  management  and  plant.  The  smelter  has  been  in  contin- 
uous operation  since  July,  1917.  It  is  an  instance  of  progressive  North- 
western mining.    Note  the  illustration  under  chapter  heading  "Idaho." 


MBSBtt/ttt^^!^'  ' 

■  1  ^Ml^    ifWl 

^} 

HBi: 

No  Racing  Blood  in  Them  But  They  Are  "On  The  Job"  All  the  Time. 
iPage  67] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


T  he    P  r  o  s  pe  r  0  u  s     Spokane     Valleys 

SPOKANE 

Population:  104,437— Altitude:  1,933  Feel 

From  Hauser  Junction  to  Spokane,  Washington,  the  main  hne  runs 
through  an  interesting  country,  a  wide,  extensive,  and  rich  plain  in 
which  irrigation  is  abundantly  showing  its  transforming  influences. 

In  the  interests  of  economy  and  practical  usefulness  and  the  max- 
imum of  dry  land  irrigation,  a  system  of  irrigation  is  now  being  worked 
out  to  unite  all  the  irrigation  projects  in  the  vaHey  into  one  compre- 
hensive reclamation  system. 

Commanding  a  trade  which  extends  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  on 
the  east  to  the  Cascade  Range  on  the  west  and  which  includes  practically 
all  of  Northern  Idaho,  Eastern  and  Northern  Washington,  and  much 
of  Eastern  Oregon,  Spokane  is  a  commercial,  railway,  and  industrial 
center  of  the  first  importance.  It  is  a  great  railway  center,  the  Great 
Northern,  the  Oregon- Washington  Railroad  &  Navigation  Co.,  the 
Spokane  International,  the  Inland  Empire  Electric  System,  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  the  Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle,  and  the  North- 
ern Pacific  railways,  radiating  to  the  north,  south,  east,  and  west,  hke 
the  spokes  of  a  wheel.  It  is  a  division  headquarters  for  the  Northern 
Pacific.  In  recent  years  the  railways  have  spent  milhons  of  dollars  in 
improvements. 

The  city  has  enjoyed  an  interesting  history  and  a  marvelous  growth. 
It  is  a  splendidly  built  city  of  fine  business  blocks  and  streets,  enjoying 
an  unusual  strategic  position  with  reference  to  trade  and  commercial 
influence,  and  a  location  to  which  nature  has  contributed  many  ad- 
vantages. The  Spokane  River,  running  through  the  center  of  the  city, 
tumbles  over  great  ledges  of  rock  and  forms  Spokane  FaUs.     Between 

iPage  m 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


The  Heart  of  Spokane,    Wash. 

Post  Falls  and  Long  Lake  the  water  power  available  amounts  to  400,000 
horse  power,  and  the  river  provides  power  for  the  electric  lights  and 
street  railways  of  the  city  and  also  for  use  in  the  Coeur  d'AIene  mines 
sixty  miles  distant.  Spokane  not  only  has  many  palatial  residences, 
but  few  cities  have  so  many  attractive  homes  belonging  to  the  mod- 

[Page  69} 


c/4.1ong  the  Scenic  High wa}^ 

erately  well-to-do.  Green  lawns  and  beautiful  flower  beds  are  seen 
everywhere  and  the  bright  and  cozy  cottages  leave  very  pleasant  and 
lasting  impressions  upon  visitors.  In  the  large  grounds  of  the  more 
costly  residences  natural  lava  ledges  and  knolls  have  been  used  for 
purposes  of  adornment  with  happy  effect. 

Spokane  is  the  financial  mining  center  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 
The  gold,  silver,  and  lead  mines  of  the  Coeur  d'AIene,  Repubfic,  and 
other  mining  camps  in  the  surrounding  and  tributary  region  have  a 
heavy  annual  output  of  precious  metals.  The  city  is  Hkewise  sur- 
rounded by  vast  areas  of  rich  agricultural  land  producing  annually 
nearly  90,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  and  other  grain  yields  in  proportion, 
all  the  temperate  zone  fruits,  the  latter  in  rapidly  increasing  quantities 
which  find  a  ready  and  profitable  market  in  the  mining  camps,  in  eastern 
cities,  and  in  exportation.  Prominent  among  these  agricultural  dis- 
tricts are  the  Big  Bend,  Palouse,  Lewiston-CIarkston,  Clearwater,  Walla 
Walla,  and  Colville  valleys,  unsurpassed  in  cHmate  and  fertility  in  the 
west,  the  Northern  Pacific  having  branch  fines  into  each  section. 

Spokane  has  fine  churches  and  hotels,  splendid  and  widely  known 
cafes,  good  theatres  and  numerous  and  attractive  parks. 

Spokane  in  early  times  figures  as  a  trading  post  for  many  of  the 
Indian  tribes  that  roamed  the  plains  and  mountains  of  Eastern  Wash- 
ington. 

Fort  Wright,  one  of  the  later  and  more  modern  mifitary  posts  of  the 
government,  is  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  most  attractively  located  on 
the  banks  of  the  Spokane  River. 

There  are  many  beautiful  summer  outing  spots  within  easy  reach 
of  Spokane.  Besides  Lake  Pend  Oreille,  Lake  Coeur  d'AIene  and  Hayden 
Lake,  already  referred  to,  Newman,  Liberty,  Spirit,  and  Loon  Lakes  are 
popular  places  of  this  nature.  Most  of  these  outing  spots  are  reached 
either  by  steam  or  trolley  railways,  or  both,  and  the  majority  of  them, 
particularly  Hayden  and  Coeur  d'AIene  lakes,  are  much  above  the 
average  Western  lake  resort.  At  Hayden  Lake  there  are  fine  golf 
links. 

Spokane  is  a  splendid  point  from  which  to  make  fishing  and  hunting 
trips.  The  lakes  before  named  abound  in  bass  and  other  fish,  the  moun- 
tain streams  in  trout,  and  big  game  is  found  in  the  mountains.  The 
region  is  a  vacationist's  ideal. 


The   Big    Bend    Cou  n  try— W^a  shington 

The  Big  Bend  country  lies  west  of  Spokane  and  east  of  the  Colurnbia 
River.  Large  crops  of  wheat  are  raised  here  as  yet  without  irrigation. 
The  usual  vegetables  are  also  grown  and  live  stock  and  fruit  are  im- 
portant items  of  wealth.  From  points  on  the  Washington  Central 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific — Davenport,  Wilbur,  Almira,  Coulee 
City,  Adrian  and  others,  all  prosperous  towns  and  in  a  rich  dry  farming 

[Page  70] 


zAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


Bonaneo  Farm  Harvesting  in  the  Big  Bend  Country,    Washington — Well   Worth   Seeing. 


country — the  former  Colville  Reservation  lands — the  Chelan  and  Oka- 
nogan regions  are  reached. 

The  legislature  of  Idaho  has  conceded  to  the  State  of  Washington 
the  use  of  the  great  surplus  of  water  from  Lake  Pend  Oreille  with  which 
to  irrigate  one  and  three-quarter  million  acres  of  the  arid  lands  lying  to 
the  west  and  north  of  Spokane,  known  as  the  "Big  Bend  Country."  In 
furtherance  of  this  plan  Washington  has  appropriated  and  spent  $100,000 
in  surveys  to  the  end  that  the  reclamation  of  this  vast  area  of  promise, 
known  as  the  Columbia  River  Basin,  may  be  intelligently  and  scien- 
tifically irrigated. 

Medical  Lake,  on  the  Northern  Pacific's  Washington  Central  branch, 
is  a  lake  the  waters  of  which  are  of  proved  medicinal  value  for  bathing 
purposes. 

Reached  from  Adrian,  the  terminus  of  the  Washington  Central 
branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  is  Soap  Lake,  also  well  known  throughout 
the  state  for  the  medicinal  benefits  derived  from  its  waters. 


[Page  71} 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


The  State  College  of   Washington  at  Pullman. 

The   Palouse  and  Clearwater  Countr}^ 
Wa  shin  gton  —  Idaho 

MARSHALL,  WASH. 

Altitude:  2,137  Feet 

At  Marshall  the  Palouse  branch  line  leaves  the  main  line  for  Pull- 
man, Moscow,  and  Lewiston-CIarkston,  passing  through  the  rich  Palouse 
country.  A  line  also  extends  up  the  Clearwater  Valley  to  Kamiah, 
Kooskia  and  Stites,  with  another  from  Joseph  and  Culdesac  to  Craig- 
mont,  Cottonwood  and  Grangeville. 

The  Palouse  country,  heretofore  known  principally  as  a  grain  coun- 
try, has  of  late  years  been  rapidly  increasing  its  area  of  orchards  and 
its  crops  of  hay,  beans  and  peas.  It  is  a  very  rich  agricultural  region, 
rolling  and  picturesque.    It  is  dotted  with  growing  towns  and  cities. 


ROSALIA,  WASH. 

Population:  714 — Altitude:  2,226  Feet 

Rosalia,  one  of  these  towns,  is  an  incorporated  town,  has  macadam- 
ized streets,  electricity,  artesian  well  water,  and  ships  nearly  2,000,000 
bushels  of  grain  annually. 

It  is  well  supplied  with  schools,  churches,  papers,  fire  department, 
a  creamery,  grain  warehouses,  mills  and  shops,  and  the  usual  appur- 
tenances of  a  growing  and  progressive  Western  town. 

The  richness  of  the  surrounding  farming  country  affords  a  solid 
foundation  for  substantial  and  continued  prosperity  and  progress. 

[Page  7^^ 


oAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

OAKESDALE,  WASH. 

Population:  816— Altitude:  2,467  Feet 

Oakesdale,  an  incorporated  town,  has  all  the  appurtenances  of  a 
modern  town,  including  many  grain  warehouses,  and  is  thriving  in  all 
ways. 

Like  most  towns  in  the  Palouse  country  it  is  abundantly  supplied 
with  water  works,  fire  department,  electric  lighted  streets,  churches, 
schools,  lumber  yards  and  stores.  The  certainty  of  crops  in  the  sur- 
rounding farms  insures  stability  and  progress  in  every  way.  Crop 
failures  in  the  Palouse  are  like  angels'  visits,  few  and  far  between. 

GARFIELD,  WASH. 

Population:  776— Altitude:  2,497  Feet 

Garfield  is  incorporated  and  is  one  of  the  important  shipping  points 
of  the  Palouse  region.  It  has  model  schools  and  makes  heavy  shipments 
of  grain. 

The  town,  like  the  other  Palouse  towns,  has  schools,  churches, 
electricity,  fire  department,  hotels,  banks,  doctorsr  and  dentists,  many 
grain  warehouses,  stores,  etc.,  with  sundry  openings  for  more. 

We  are  now  well  down  in  the  "Palouse  country,"  the  great  granary 
of  Washington.  Wheat  and  fruit  are  the  principal  crops.  They  are, 
largely,  marketed  in  the  coast  cities. 

PALOUSE,  WASH. 

Population:  1,179— Altitude:  2,443  Feet 

Palouse,  also  an  incorporated  town,  is  one  of  the  larger  and  more 
energetic  towns  of  this  section.  It  has  modern  city  conveniences.  The 
Weyerhaeuser  Syndicate  have  a  large  lumber  plant — The  Potlatch 
Lumber  Co. — here  and  there  is  the  usual  accompaniment  of  stores, 
schools,  churches,  etc.  The  plant  is  a  mammoth  concern  backed  by 
important  holdings  of  timber  back  on  the  slopes  of  the  mountains  to 
the  eastward.  Palouse  has  good  water  power,  used  for  flour  mill  pur- 
poses. Grain,  potatoes,  fruit,  and  alfalfa  are  some  of  the  more  im- 
portant farm  products.  Palouse  is  the  oldest  town  in  this  section  and 
is  on  the  Palouse  River,  a  stream  of  considerable  value  commercially. 

PULLMAN,  WASH. 

Population:  2,440— Altitude:  2,359  Feet 

Pullman  is  a  picturesquely  located  town,  incorporated,  in  the  heart 
of  the  grain  district.  It  is  an  educational  center,  the  Washington  State 
College,  with  an  enrollment  of  2,500  students,  being  located  here.  The 
college  is  a  quarter  century  old  and  ranks  among  the  four  or  five  largest 
educational  institutions  in  the  West. 

The  town  is  well  supplied  with  the  usual  commercial  addenda  neces- 
sary and  is  located  among  hills  that  give  it  an  attractive  and  picturesque 
aspect. 

iPage  731 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 

The  University  is  an  important  adjunct,  has  very  large  grounds, 
numerous  fine  buildings,  and  a  large  and  able  faculty. 

Between  Oakesdale  and  Pullman  the  traveler  will  see  to  the  west- 
ward, now  and  again,  Steptoe  Butte,  an  historic  landmark  of  the  region 
named  after  Colonel  Steptoe  of  the  old  army. 

MOSCOW,  IDAHO 

Population:  3,956— Altitude:  2,578  Feet 

Moscow  is  an  incorporated  and  thoroughly  modern  and  progressive 
city.  It  has  a  fine  public  school  system,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  University 
of  Idaho  which  has  a  campus  of  440  acres  and  more  than  1,250  students. 
The  surrounding  country  is  a  valuable  grain  and  fruit  region,  the  city 
being  well  within  the  Palouse  region  and  a  most  important  marketing 
point  for  its  products. 

The  city  has  hospitals,  theatres,  a  public  library,  water  works,  sewers, 
creameries,  elevators,  a  harvester  and  thresher  factory,  flour  mill,  fur- 
niture factory,  meat  packing  plant,  etc.,  besides  the  usual  shops,  fac- 


[Page  741 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 


A  Model  IVashington  Dairy  Barn — There  Are  Many  of  Them. 

tories  and  stores  common  to  a  place  of  this  size.  The  University  has 
ample  grounds  and  buildings  and  is  a  thoroughly  modern  institution. 

There  are  both  opal  and  placer  mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Other  prospering  towns  of  the  Palouse  are  Spangle,  Belmont,  Union- 
town,  Genesee,  Kendrick  and  Juliaetta. 


The   Lewiston-Clarkston   Countrsr 
Idaho  —  Wa  shington 

LEWISTON,  IDAHO— CLARKSTON,  WASH. 

Lewiston — Population:  6,574 — Altitude:  742  Feet 
Clarkston — Population:  1,859 

The  Lewiston-Clarkston  district,  reached  by  the  Clearwater  Short 
Line,  at  the  junction  of  the  Snake  and  Clearwater  rivers,  is  rapidly 
coming  to  the  front  as  one  of  the  best  fruit  regions  of  the  entire  west. 
There  is  a  large  area  and  great  variety  of  both  valley  and  plateau  land 
here,  and  chmate  and  altitude  are  all  that  can  be  desired. 

[Page  751 


cy41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

Hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  have  been  spent  in  substantial 
irrigation  works. 

The  irrigation  projects  found  here  are  without  much  doubt  formu- 
lated along  the  most  advanced  lines  of  any  in  the  entire  country,  and 
they  should  be  examined  by  all  contemplating  engaging  in  this  in- 
teresting and  remunerative  occupation  of  fruit  farming. 

Lewiston  is  in  Idaho,  Clarkston  in  Washington,  and  a  fine  steel 
bridge  across  the  Snake  River  and  costing  $105,000,  connects  them  and 
makes  them  practically  one  city. 

The  Idaho  State  Normal  School  is  at  Lewiston.  Enrollment  350  to 
500.    The  city  is  an  important  business  center  for  the  region  about  it. 

Here  again  Lewis  and  Clark  were  in  1805-6  and  made  important 
history.  The  towns  are  named  in  honor  of  the  two  captains,  and  they 
are  enterprising  places. 

On  the  highest  prairie  lands — the  Nez  Perce  and  Camas  prairies  of 
the  Clearwater  country — timothy,  clover,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  corn, 
potatoes,  and  vegetables  are  largely  raised,  while  on  the  lower  elevated 
lands  and  in  the  valleys,  vegetables  and  fruit — apples,  cherries,  grapes, 
peaches,  etc.,  are  being  grown  in  large  quantity.  Cattle  and  hogs  are 
also  raised  very  extensively,  the  region  being  specially  adapted  to  live 
stock. 

Where  possible,  irrigation  is  used  to  advantage,  but  it  is  not  always 
necessary,  particularly  on  the  high  lands. 

Asotin,  Kamiah,  Nez  Perce,  Craigmont,  Culdesac,  Cottonwood, 
Grangeville — the  county  seat  of  Idaho  County,  Idaho — Kooskia  and 
Stites  are  the  more  important  railway  towns  of  the  immediate  region, 
after  Lewiston  and  Clarkston. 

En  route  to  Grangeville  the  Camas  Prairie  branch  passes  through 
seven  tunnels,  the  train  turning  completely  around  in  one  of  these,  and 
on  reaching  the  prairie  country  it  passes  across  two  magnificent  prairies, 
the  Nez  Perce  and  Camas,  each  surrounded  by  great  ranges  of  moun- 
tains. Between  Craigmont  and  Cottonwood  the  track  crosses  Lawyer's 
Canyon  on  a  bridge  280  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  stream  which  divides 
these  two  prairies. 


Spokane    to   Pasco — Washington 

CHENEY 

Population:  1,252— Altitude:  2,345  Feet 

Cheney  is  located  in  the  center  of  a  rich  agricultural  country,  on  the 
main  line,  and  is  a  very  important  shipping  point  from  which  is  sent  a 
portion  of  the  wheat  from  the  great  ''Inland  Empire"  of  Idaho  and 
Eastern  Washington.  It  is  the  junction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  main 
line  with  the  branch  line  to  Medical  Lake,  Davenport,  Coulee  City, 
Adrian,  and  into  the  heart  of  the  Big  Bend  country  of  Washington. 
There  is  a  State  Normal  School  here. 

IPaee  76} 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


nmrnm^- 


tsiiu'ii     Will    Lo'c    Luke    Colville,    Near    Sprague — West    of    Spokane — li'liirh     the    Trtfiii 
Skirts  for  Mile  after  Mile, 


SPRAGUE 

Population:  822— Altitude:  1,906  Feet  .0        .^ 

Sprague  is  also  a  good  town  and  lies  on  the  western  edge  of  the 
Palouse  region,  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  Lincoln  County,  From 
this  point  large  shipments  of  wheat,  flour  and  wool  are  made. 

A  mile  below  the  station  the  train  passes  along  the  edge  of  the 
famous  fifteen  thousand  acre  Hercules  Shorthorn  Stock  Farm,  renowned 
for  its  superior  herd  of  cattle. 

Not  long  after  leaving  Sprague  the  train  speeds  along  the  shores  of 
Lake  Colville,  a  very  attractive  and  winding  lake,  forming  a  most 
pleasing  picture. 

It  is  only  within  recent  years  that  it  has  been  demonstrated  that 
this  part  of  Washington  is  well  adapted  to  grain  raising  under  "dry 
farming." 

RITZVILLE— LIND 

Ritzville— Population:  1,900— Altitude:  1,822  Feet 
Lind — Population:  724 — Altitude:  1,364  Feet 

Ritzville  is  situated  in  a  fme  farming  and  grazing  country  and  is  one 

[Page  771 


(;^long  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 

of  the  most  important  initial  shipping  points  for  wheat  in  the  entire 
world. 

Lind  is  also  an  important  wheat  shipping  and  trading  point.  The 
entire  region  tributary  to  Ritzville  and  Lind  has  been  and  is  now  being 
very  rapidly  developed.    It  is  a  fine  agricultural  region. 

A  new  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  from  Connell,  on  the  main  fine, 
through  Adrian,  connects  with  the  Washington  Central  branch  from 
Cheney,  at  Coulee  Jet.  This  line  provides  needed  transportation 
facilities  for  a  most  productive  farming  section. 

PASCO 

Population:  3,362— Altitude:  389  Feet 

At  Pasco,  where  the  main  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  first  strikes 
the  Columbia  River,  and  crosses  it  on  a  steel  bridge,  a  branch  line  di- 
verges to  Pleasant  View,  Walla  Walla,  Waitsburg,  and  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington, and  to  Pendleton,  Oregon,  penetrating  the  rich  agricultural 
country  lying  along  the  Snake  River  and  towards  the  Blue  Mountains 
on  the  south,  known  as  the  Walla  Walla  country.  Pasco  is  a  Northern 
Pacific  division  headquarters. 

At  Pasco  the  Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle  Railway,  owned  jointly 
by  the  Northern  Pacific  and  Great  Northern  railway  lines,  and  the 
Camas  Prairie  line,  from  the  Lewiston-Clarkston  region  and  owned 
jointly  by  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Oregon-Washington  Railroad 
and  Navigation  Company,  converge,  and  the  trains  of  the  three  lines 
cross  the  Columbia  River  on  the  Northern  Pacific  bridge  between 
Pasco  and  Kennewick. 

In  future  years  irrigation  will  completely  transform  this  region  about 
Pasco  into  beautiful  orchards  and  gardens.  The  town  has  a  promising 
future  before  it  as  an  agricultural  and  distributing  center.  As  already 
stated  the  Big  Bend  country  to  the  north  bids  fair  to  soon  become  an 
important  part  of  the  irrigated  section  of  Eastern  Washington.  All 
around  it  are  large  irrigated  areas  raising  fruits  and  vegetables  of  the 
finest  kinds.  A  large  irrigation  enterprise  is  reclaiming  many  thousands 
of  acres,  and  the  water,  taken  from  the  Snake  River,  is  conveyed  in  large 
underground  pipes  and  delivered  at  the  various  irrigated  tracts  under 
pressure. 

The  Walla   Walla   Country — W^ashington 

The  extended  region  south  of  Pasco  between  the  Snake  River  and  the 
Blue  Mountains,  is  known  as  the  Walla  Walla  country,  and  is  open  to 
the  world  through  the  Northern  Pacific  Walla  Walla  branch  line.  It  is 
a  very  rich  section,  agriculturally,  an  enormous  volume  of  wheat  and 
other  cereals  being  raised.  Of  late  years  horticulture  has  made  great 
advances,  and  apples,  prunes,  plums,  berries  and  other  fruits  are  being 
raised  in  increasingly  large  quantities  and  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the 
United  States. 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 


A  Bit  of  the  White  Pine  Forest  in  the  Inland  Empire. 
[Page  791 


c^long  the  Scenic  Highway" 

The  Walla  Walla  country  is  interesting  historically.  Through  the 
heart  of  it  ran  the  old  Oregon  trail  of  pioneer  days.  Below  Walla  Walla, 
at  Whitman,  is  the  old  Waiilatpu  Mission  of  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  who 
was  murdered  there  by  Cayuse  Indians  in  1848.  A  fine  monument  to 
Whitman,  his  wife,  and  their  massacred  companions  stands  on  the 
ridge  above  the  former  mission. 

The  streams  that  come  down  from  the  mountains,  the  Walla  Walla, 
Umatilla,  Touchet,  etc.,  provide  a  water  power  that  is  utihzed  in  flouring 
mills,  electric  light  plants,  etc. 

WALLA  WALLA 

Population:  15,503— Altitude:  975  Feet 

Walla  Walla,  the  Queen  City  of  the  region,  is  a  very  attractive  city 
both  from  a  residence  and  commercial  standpoint.  It  is  a  thoroughly 
up-to-date  city,  with  a  United  States  Land  Office,  United  States  Courts, 
electric  street  cars,  etc.  Whitman  College,  a  fine  memorial  to  Dr. 
Marcus  Whitman,  is  located  here,  making  the  city  an  educational 
center.  The  surrounding  region  has  long  been  noted  for  its  tremendous 
crops  of  grain  and  is  well  known  for  its  fruit  and  vegetable  products. 

WAITSBURG 

Population:  1 J 74— Altitude:  1,293  Feet 

Waitsburg  is  one  of  the  thriving  towns  of  this  section.  With  a 
growing  population  it  has  good  schools  and  churches,  very  large  flouring 
miHs  and  ships  large  quantities  of  grain. 

Well  supplied  with  stores,  churches,  schools,  electricity,  waterworks, 
sewer  system,  grain  warehouses,  etc.,  Waitsburg  has  much  importance 
as  a  grain  shipping  point  for  the  tributary  region,  noted  as  a  grain  pro- 
ducing one. 

DAYTON 

Population:  2,695 — Altitude:  1,615  Feet 

Dayton,  an  incorporated  city,  is  the  county  seat  of  Columbia  County. 
It  is  in  the  throes  of  prosperity,  and  exports  a  great  deal  of  grain,  live 
stock  and  wool.  It  has  some  large  fruit  farms  and  is  rapidly  developing 
into  an  important  fruit  center. 

Dayton  is  one  of  the  most  important  points  in  the  Walla  Walla 
country.  Of  churches,  schools,  theatres,  papers,  banks,  creameries, 
elevators,  etc.,  is  has  the  usual  quota.  Many  grain  warehouses  betoken 
the  producing  capacity  of  the  contiguous  region,  and  one  of  the  largest 
fruit  farms  in  the  state  is  found  here.  There  is  also  developed  water 
power. 

The  timbered  Blue  Mountains  are  an  important  feature  of  the  land- 
scape. 

PENDLETON,  OREGON 

Population:  7,387— Altitude:  1,080  Feel 
Pendleton,  Oregon,  lies  within  the  limits  of  the  Walla  Walla  country. 

iPagt  to] 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

It  is  a  growing  young  city  on  the  Umatilla  River,  and  is  a  trade  center 
for  Umatilla  County — of  which  it  is  the  county  seat — and  contiguous 
territory.  A  woolen  mill  located  here  is  noted  for  the  excellent  character 
of  the  blankets  it  produces. 

The  city  is  very  attractively  located  and  the  country  produces  wheat 
and  Hve  stock  abundantly. 

The  Umatilla  Indian  Reservation  is  nearby. 

The   Lower   Yakima  Valley— "Washington 

KENNEWICK 

Population:  1,684— Altitude:  372  Feet 

Kennewick,  at  the  foot  of  the  Yakima  Valley,  about  370  feet  above 
sea  level,  is  a  town  made  by  irrigation.  It  is  an  important  fruit  shipping 
point  and  the  irrigated  farms  near  the  town  represent  the  highest  hor- 
ticultural development.  This  entire  section  of  Washington  is  made 
fertile  by  the  skillful  diversion  of  water  through  irrigation  canals  from 
natural  water  courses  and,  although  once  dry  and  showing  Httle  promise, 
it  has  been  made  one  of  the  finest  garden  spots  of  the  United  States. 
Strawberries  and  small  fruits  mature  earlier  here  in  the  Kennewick 
region  than  any  other  point  in  the  Northwest.  Alfalfa  and  vegetables 
of  fine  quality  grow  luxuriantly. 

Lewis  and  Clark,  when  encamped  near  the  mouth  of  the  Snake 
River,  in  1805,  went  up  the  Columbia  to  a  point  above  Kennewick,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Yakima  River,  which  they  called  the  Tapteal  River. 

PROSSER 

Population:  1,697— Altitude:  671  Feet 

The  country  adjacent  to  Prosser  is  also  highly  developed  by  irri- 
gation, and  there  is  much  land  that  is  as  yet  unoccupied  and  that  is 
suitable  for  irrigation.     There  are  some  fine  orchards  in  the  vicinity. 

We  are  now  well  into  the  famed  Yakima  Valley  where  development 
during  the  past  few  years  has  been  very  rapid.  The  stream  now  followed 
by  the  main  line  of  the  railway  to  Ellensburg,  Cle  Elum,  and  to  the 
crossing  of  the.  mountains,  is  the  Yakima  River.  Irrigation  farms  are 
in  sight  from  the  train  almost  continuously  from  Kennewick  to  Ellens- 
burg. On  the  plateau  to  the  west  is  the  Horse  Heaven  country,  a  plateau 
well  known  throughout  this  part  of  the  west  from  the  fact  that  crops  of 
wheat  are  raised  without  irrigation. 

MABTON 

Population:  547— Altitude:  725  Feet 

Mabton,  like  Prosser,  and  the  other  towns  of  this  valley,  owes  its 
origin  and  growth  to  irrigation.  The  Sunnyside  region,  served  by  the 
Sunnyside  Irrigation  Canal  one  of  the  most  important  Government 
irrigation  achievements  in  the  west,  may  be  reached  from  Mabton  at 

iPage  8i1 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


Myslic  Lake  in  Rainier  National  Park,    IVasJiingtoti.     One  of  Many  Sucli  Attractions. 


GRANGER 

Population:  412 — Altitude:  731  Feet 

Granger  is  the  first  town  on  the  Sunnyside  branch  after  leaving 
Toppenish.  It  hes  on  the  Yakima  River  at  the  base  of  Snipe's  Moun- 
tain. It  is  a  very  progressive  little  city  and  has  a  good  hotel  and  other 
buildings  and  a  brick-making  plant  that  is  run  to  its  capacity  in  supply- 
ing the  surrounding  region.  ! 

Alfalfa  is  a  most  profitable  crop  in  this  locahty  and  one  largely 
grown.    There  is  one  filed  of  nearly  300  acres  near  Granger. 

Eventually  this  part  of  the  valley  will  become  a  great  and  remuner- 
ative dairy  section. 

ZILLAH 
Population:  647— Altitude:  821  Feet 

From  Granger,  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  extends 
north  to  Zillah  and  the  main  line  at  Parker.  Around  Zillah  are  found 
some  of  the  oldest,  most  productive,  and  most  valuable  orchards  in  the 
noted  Yakima  Valley.  The  town  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Yakima 
River  four  miles  from  Toppenisli  on  the  main  line. 

[Page  84l 


cyllong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

OUTLOOK 

Altitude:  778  Feet 

Midway  between  Granger  and  Sunnyside  is  Outlook,  a  thriving  town 
in  the  midst  of  orchards  and  alfalfa  fields  that  are  fast  increasing  in 
number  and  value. 

The  development  that  has  taken  place  in  this  part  of  the  Yakima 
Valley  in,  say,  ten  years,  is  marvelous.  And  it  is  a  continuing  process. 
Opportunities  are  still  open  to  those  who  love  a  fertile  soil  and  a  warm, 
healthful  cHmate. 

SUNNYSIDE 

Population:  1,809— Altitude:  753  Feet 

Sunnyside  is  in  one  of  the  most  prolific  and  extended  parts  of  the 
Yakima  Valley.  It  is  a  wide  awake  young  city  at  the  southern  end  of 
Snipe's  Mountain,  on  the  slopes  of  which  are  found  many  beautiful 
homes  of  Sunnyside  people.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  lower 
Yakima  Valley  and  is  a  product  of  irrigation  pure  and  simple. 

The  orchard  tracts  around  Sunnyside  are  indisputable  evidence  of 
the  fruitfulness  of  this  rich  volcanic  ash  soil.  Likewise  the  alfalfa  fields, 
berry  patches  and  vegetable  gardens. 

At  Sunnyside  there  is  located  a  sugar  plant,  operated  by  the  Utah- 
Idaho  Sugar  Co.,  which  produces  several  million  pounds  of  sugar  each 
year  from  the  sugar  beets  raised  by  the  farmers  in  the  vicinity. 

GRANDVIEW 

Population:  1,011— Altitude:  808  Feet 

Grandview  is  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Sunnyside  branch 
line  and  the  town  is  what  in  common  phrase  may  be  called  "a  live  one." 
It,  too,  is  in  the  midst  of  alfalfa  fields  and  orchards  that  are  enriching 
their  owners. 

The  towns  from  Zillah  to  Grandview  are  in  a  part  of  the  Yakima 
Valley  where  much  attention  is  paid  to  growing  alfalfa  and  raising  live 
stock  as  well  as  fruit.  A  trip  over  the  Sunnyside  branch  line  affords  a 
view  of  the  valley  not  found  on  the  main  line. 

The     Upper     Yakima     Vallejr 

YAKIMA 

Population:  18,539— Altitude:  1,075  Feet 

Yakima  is  the  trade  center  for  all  the  rich  irrigated  valleys  embraced 
in  the  Yakima  Valley  region  and  it  has  grown  rapidly  during  the  past 
few  years  because  of  the  rapid  development  of  tributary  agricultural 
lands.  It  is  in  the  center  of  a  remarkable  region  where  water  converts 
a  naturally  dry  and  dusty  soil  into  one  capable  of  almost  unlimited  pro- 
duction without  artificial  fertilization.  The  soil  is  a  volcanic  ash,  de- 
composed, and  of  great  depth,  and  is,  apparently,  inexhaustible. 

IFage  851 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


A    Northern    Pacific    Tunnel   in    the   Cascade   Range.      Two   Bridges   in    the  Distance. 


Yakima  is  a  pleasant  city  of  fine  residences,  substantial  business 
blocks,  and  paved  and  shaded  streets.  It  is  one  of  the  best  points  in  the 
entire  west  from  which  to  see  the  highest  results  of  intelhgent  and 
scientific  irrigation  farming.  The  surrounding  country,  cut  up  into 
small  farms  of  five,  ten,  twenty  acres,  etc.,  is  very  thickly  settled.  There 
are  excellent  schools,  some  costly  churches,  electric  lights,  rural  tele- 
phone and  mail  delivery,  an  interurban  railway,  and  it  constitutes, 
practically,  one  large  suburban  town,  where  the  usual  isolation  of  farming 
regions  is  absent.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  sections  of  Washington  in 
which  to  settle  with  a  view  of  pursuing  easy  and  healthful  agricultural 
activities.  The  climate  is  warm  and  dry  and  particularly  good  for  those 
with  throat  or  chest  troubles.  A  handsome  passenger  station  attests 
the  importance  of  Yakima  as  a  Northern  Pacific  point. 

Thousands  of  sheep  and  cattle  are  winter  fed  on  alfalfa  at  the  various 
towns  in  the  Yakima  Valley,  yearly. 

Some  of  the  government's  most  important  reclamation  schemes  are 
centered  in  the  Yakima  Valley.  In  the  Sunnyside,  Tieton  and  Wapato 
"units"  there  has  been  expended  $14,000,000  and  200,000  acres  of  land 
have  been  reclaimed.    The  Sunnyside  lands  lie  in  the  lower  valley,  the 

[Page  W] 


c/llong  the  Scenic  Highway 

others  in  the  vicinity  of  Yakima.  Constant  progress  is  being  made  with 
these  projects  and  when  completed  this  valley  will  have  no  superior  in 
the  value  and  importance  of  its  various  irrigation  enterprises.  It  now 
produces,  annually,  crops  worth  $50,000,000,  with  not  more  than  one- 
half  of  the  irrigable  area  developed.  In  addition  to  the  government 
project  there  are  several  private  irrigation  canals. 

ELLENSBURG 

Population:  3,967— Altitude:  1,519  Feet 

Much  of  the  fine  hay  and  forage  shipped  from  Puget  Sound  ports  is 
grown  in  the  Kittitas  Valley — a  subdivision  of  the  Yakima — adjacent 
to  Ellensburg.  The  elevation  here  is  such  that  the  climate  is  much  cooler 
than  in  the  lower  valley.  This  section  produces  large  hay  crops,  and  is 
making  rapid  strides  in  dairying,  Ellensburg  having  several  cream- 
eries, while  skimming  stations  are  located  in  the  outlying  districts  for 
furnishing  cream  for  the  butter  manufactories  in  the  towns.  Thousands 
of  acres  of  rich  land  have  been  brought  under  irrigation  in  the  Kittitas 
Valley  during  recent  years  and  this  is  more  and  more  being  devoted  to 
fruit,  particularly  late  winter  apples.  In  the  foothills  of  the  Cascades 
nearby  there  are  extensive  ranges  utilized  for  stock  raising  which  make 
Ellensburg  an  important  shipping  point  for  wool,  cattle,  and  sheep  as 
well  as  forage,  cereals,  and  the  usual  agricultural  produce.  Ellensburg 
is  pleasant  and  attractive  and  is  the  seat  of  one  of  the  state  Normal 
schools.  In  the  outlying  mountains  there  is  excellent  hunting  and  trout 
fishing.    The  city  is  a  railway  district  terminal. 

The  fine,  high,  white  mountain  seen  so  plainly  from  Yakima  and 
Ellensburg  and,  indeed,  visible  from  nearly  all  parts  of  the  Yakima 
Valley  more  or  less  easily,  on  a  clear  day,  is  Mt.  Adams,  12,307  feet  high. 
It  is  covered  with  ice  and  snow  and  is  a  typical  glacial  mountain.  From 
Ellensburg  one  can  also,  by  looking  westward  in  line  with  the  railway 
track,  see  the  tip  of  Mount  Rainier  (Mount  Tacoma),  the  King  of  Cas- 
cade peaks. 

CLE  ELUM 

Population:  2,661 — Altitude:  1,920  Feet 

Cle  Elum  is  the  diverging  point  for  the  Northern  Pacific  branch  line 
to  Roslyn  and  is  the  point  from  which  the  Peshastin,  Fish  Lake,  and 
Swauk  mining  districts  are  reached.  In  this  section  there  are  large 
deposits  of  copper,  iron,  gold  and  silver,  and  the  Cle  Elum  mines  pro- 
duce a  good  commercial  fuel. 

In  the  mountains  near  Cle  Elum  the  government  has  converted 
Lakes  Clealum,  Katchess,  and  Keechelus  into  vast  irrigation  reservoirs 
for  watering  the  lands  in  the  Yakima  Valley. 

ROSLYN 

Population:  2, 673— Altitude:  2,266  Feet 
Roslyn,  a  branch  line  town  four  miles  from  Cle  Elum,  is  the  center 

iPage  *7] 


c41ong  the  Scenic  Highway 


Giant  Firs  on  the  Road  to   Rainier  National  Park. 

of  the  coal  industry  on  the,  eastern  side  of  the  Cascades,  and  has  the 
most  extensive  mines  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  These  mines  supply 
most  of  the  coal  used  in  Eastern  Washington.  The  Northern  Pacific 
Railway  procures,  at  this  point,  all  the  coal  used  by  it  between  Helena 
and  Butte,  on  the  east,  and  the  Cascade  Mountains  on  the  west. 

IPage  88-\ 


ollong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


l^V.. 


Snozv-iields  on  Mt.   Rainier,  Rainier  National  Park. 

Leaving  Cle  Elum  the  train  rapidly  ascends  the  mountains,  the 
scenery  being  wild  and  very  different  from  the  crossing  of  the  Rockies. 

EASTON 

Population:  266— Altitude:  2,176  Feet 

Easton  lies  at  the  eastern  portal  of  the  Stampede  tunnel  in  the  heart 
of  the  Cascade  Range.  A  few  miles  distant,  reached  by  a  good  road 
through  the  forest,  is  beautiful  Lake  Kachess,  hemmed  in  by  the  moun- 
tains, and  used  by  the  United  States  Reclamation  Service  as  an  irri- 
gation reservoir  for  the  Yakima  Valley. 

On  the  shore  of  the  lake  Mr.  L.  W.  Hayes  has  a  mountain  resort  and 
outing  place,  Kachess  Lodge.  It  is  most  attractively  located  and  has 
all  modern  conveniences  in  the  wilderness.  There  are  53  rooms  with 
hot  and  cold  water  and  a  number  of  rooms  have  private  bath.  Kachess 
Lake  and  Lodge  will  prove  a  most  delightfully  restful  place  for  all  who 
love  the  water,  mountain  trout  fishing — which  is  good  here — and  the 
mountains. 

Across     the     Cascade     Range 

After  the  long  ascent  of  the  eastern  slope  of  the  beautiful  Cascade 
Mountains  the  Northern  Pacific  pierces  the  summit  at  Stampede  Pass 
with  a  tunnel  nearly  two  miles  in  length,  at  an  elevation  of  2,852  feet. 
On  both  sides  of  the  pass  there  is  very  fine  scenery,  the  Cascades  pre- 
senting an  impressive  and  attractive  panorama. 

[Page  «9] 


c^long  the  Scenic  Highway" 

On  the  Pacific  Slope,  the  descent  of  which  begins  at  Stampede 
Tunnel,  the  traveler  enters  a  great  forest  country  affording  an  entirely 
new  and  refreshing  type  of  scenery.  In  the  Puget  Sound  region  there 
has  been  great  development  in  the  lumber  industry  and  sawmills  turning 
out  cut  timber  and  shingles  are  found  at  numerous  points.  Washington 
furnishes  shingles,  timbers  for  building  purposes,  and  the  common  grades 
of  commercial  lumber  to  a  tremendous  territory,  extending  east  to  St. 
Paul,  Chicago,  and  even  the  far  Eastern  states.  Washington  cedar 
shingles  are  marketed  in  the  New  England  states.  Official  estimates 
place  the  amount  of  standing  timber  in  the  State  of  Washington  at  391 
billion  feet.  The  annual  cut  of  the  mills  in  the  State  of  Washington  is 
4,200;000,000  feet  at  which  rate  it  will  require  one  hundred  years  to  cut 
the  timber  now  standing,  to  say  nothing  of  the  young  forests  which  are 
being  planted  by  the  Government  Forestry  Service  and  which  will  be 
grown  up  and  ready  to  cut  long  before  the  present  supply  is  gone. 

The  shingle  output  in  the  State  of  Washington  amounts  to  thirty- 
four  thousand  carloads  annually,  valued  at  $13,000,000.  The  number 
of  men  employed  in  their  manufacture  is  about  15,000. 

In  the  manufacture  of  lumber  there  are  80,000  men  employed  and 
the  annual  output,  which,  if  loaded,  would  fill  166,000  cars,  is  worth 
$43,000,000  at  the  mills. 

The  figures  given  here  represent,  of  course,  normal  conditions  and 
average  results. 

From  the  Stampede  Pass  the  railway  follows  Green  River,  a  beau- 
tiful mountain  and  trout  stream,  until  the  lower  country  is  reached. 

The  Northern  Pacific  has  recently  made  very  heavy  expenditures 
in  double  tracking  and  rebuilding  its  line  in  the  Cascade  Range  and  in 
providing  a  ventilation  plant  for  the  tunnel. 

PALMER  JUNCTION 

Altitude:  869  Feet 

At  Palmer  Junction  the  Northern  Pacific  main  line  is  again  divided, 
the  more  direct  line  running  via  Auburn  to  Seattle  and  Tacoma  and  the 
other  via  Buckley  to  Tacoma.  Through  tickets  from  eastern  terminals 
to  Pacific  Coast  points  are  honored  via  Seattle  or  Tacoma  and  permit 
travelers  to  visit  those  cities  en  route  to  their  destinations. 


Puget  Sound  Country— Alaska  and  the  Orient 

SEATTLE 

Population:  315,312— Altitude:  24  Feet 

Seattle,  founded  in  1853,  and  named  for  an  old  Indian  chief,  is 
situated  on  the  east  side  of  Puget  Sound,  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
on  Elliott  Bay.  It,  with  Tacoma,  is  on  the  shortest  line  between  the 
United  States  and  the  Orient. 

Seattle  has  a  fine  land-locked   harbor,   perfectly  protected   from 

[Page  90] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highways 


A  Water-front  View  of  Seattle  from  Puget  Sound. 


Storms  and  accessible  to  the  largest  vessels  afloat  at  all  times  and  at  all 
stages  of  the  tides.  It  is  connected  with  Lakes  Washington  and  Union, 
fresh  water  bodies,  by  a  canal  and  locks,  giving  the  city  193  miles  of 
available  waterfront.  Lakes  Union  and  Washington  are  beautiful 
bodies  of  water,  the  latter  being  about  20  miles  long,  three  miles  wide 
and  of  depth  sufficient  to  float  the  world's  mammoth  ships. 

The  harbor  has  accommodations  for  berthing  110  four  hundred  feet 
ships  at  one  time,  and  piers  A  and  B,  Smith  Cove  Terminal,  each,  ap- 
proximately, one-half  mile  long,  are  the  largest  cargo  and  passenger 
docks  in  the  world. 

Approximately  one-half  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United 
States  Pacific  Coast  ports  is  handled  through  Puget  Sound  ports.  The 
United  States  Shipping  Board  is  operating,  on  a  two  weeks  schedule, 
several  of  its  535  feet  modern  passenger  steamers  between  the  Sound 
and  China,  Japan  and  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  there  is  also  a  Japanese 
line. 

Eighty  per  cent  of  the  manufacturing  industries  in  the  state  of 
Washington  are  within  100  miles  of  Seattle-Tacoma,  and  53  per  cent 
of  the  population  of  the  state  is  within  the  Puget  Sound  district. 

The  city  owns  its  water  system,  the  water  being  brought  by  gravity 

[Page  p/] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


A  North  Coast  Home  and  Farm  Near  the  PaciHc  Ocean. 


from  Cedar  River  in  the  foothills  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.  The 
capacity  of  the  reservoirs  is  271,137,000  gallons.  The  city  has  no  water 
problem.  The  water  power  of  the  state  of  Washington  equals  125 
potential  horse  power  per  square  mile,  this  being  equivalent  to  9,000,000 
horse  power  or  more  than  double  that  of  any  state  in  the  Union.  Seattle 
is  electrically  lighted  and  is  considered,  if  not  the  best,  one  of  the  best 
illuminated  cities  in  the  country. 

The  city  has  nearly  three  hundred  miles  of  paved  streets,  five  hundred 
miles  of  pubHc  sewers  and  more  than  six  hundred  miles  of  water  mains. 

It  will  doubtless  have  been  noted  by  the  traveler  that  electricity  is 
in  general  use  in  the  Northwestern  towns  and  cities  as  an  illuminant. 
The  reason  for  it  is  the  low  cost  of  the  electrical  current  owing  to  the 
abundance  of  water  powers  throughout  the  region.  Snoqualmie  Falls, 
in  the  Cascade  Range  and  thirty-two  miles  distant,  is  a  beautiful  water- 
fall, 268  feet  high.  It  is  capable  of  generating  100,000  horse  power,  and 
from  this  and  from  mountain  streams  at  other  points  more  than  600,000 
horse  power  is  available  for  electric  uses  to  Seattle  and  Tacoma. 

The  city  has  an  unusual  number  of  good  hotels,  apartment  houses, 
and  cafes,  being  particularly  fortunate  in  this  respect.  Some  of  the 
hotels  overlook  the  Sound  and  mountains,  affording  a  dehghtful  outlook. 

[Page  92^ 


c^long  the  Scenic  Highwa}r 

At  Bremerton,  just  across  the  Sound  from  Seattle,  is  located  the 
Puget  Sound  Navy  Yard,  employing  about  1,200  mechanics.  Here  is 
the  only  dry  dock  on  the  Pacific  Coast  capacious  enough  to  dock  our 
largest  battleships. 

Fort  Lawton,  containing  more  than  600  acres,  is  a  United  States 
mihtary  post  situated  within  the  city  limits. 

There  are  about  300  churches  and  church  societies  in  the  city,  a  fine 
public  library,  a  Federal  building,  court  house,  six  high  schools,  etc. 

The  University  of  Washington,  located  between  Lakes  Union  and 
Washington,  has  splendid  buildings,  fine  equipment,  a  large  corps  of 
instructors,  and  an  attendance  of  6,000  students. 

The  park  system  comprises  1,820  acres  connected  by  thirty-one 
miles  of  boulevards  and  embraces  some  most  beautiful  spots  within  the 
city.    Several  of  the  parks  are  on  the  shores  of  various  lakes. 

The  views,  from  diff'erent  parts  of  the  city,  of  Mt.  Rainier,  elevation 
14,408  feet,  the  snow  crowned  giant  of  the  Cascade  Range,  some  fifty 
miles  to  the  south,  and  of  the  craggy  Olympics,  across  the  Sound  to  the 
west,  are  probably  unsurpassed  anywhere  in  the  world. 

Mt.  Baker,  nearly  11,000  feet  in  height,  to  the  north,  another  glacial 
peak,  is  also  visible  from  certain  elevated  parts  of  the  city. 

There  are  a  large  number  of  dehghtful  water  trips  from  Seattle- 
Tacoma  to  the  many  interesting  points  on  the  Sound  the  more  important 
being  to  Victoria  and  Vancouver,  British  Columbia,  Port  Angeles,  Bel- 
lingham,  Everett,  the  U.  S.  Navy  Yard  at  Bremerton,  and  the  Hood's 
Canal  trip. 

TACOMA 

Population:  96,965— Altitude:  47  Feet 

Tacoma  is  situated  on  Commencement  Bay  at  the  head  of  deep 
water  navigation  on  Puget  Sound.  Built  on  a  bluff  one  hundred  and 
eighty  feet  above  tide  water,  it  commands  a  view  of  the  vast  Olympic 
and  Cascade  ranges  of  mountains  and  of  Mt.  Rainier,  accessible  from 
Tacoma  by  auto. 

At  Tacoma  the  Northern  Pacific  has  its  general  western  offices  and 
its  principal  shops  on  the  Coast.  The  Company  has  a  large  and  costly 
passenger  station  that  is  one  of  the  finest  structures  of  its  kind  in  the 
west.  Here  is  also  located  the  large  and  thoroughly  modern  hospital 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  Beneficial  Association.  Besides  the  large  shops 
at  South  Tacoma  and  the  Headquarters  building  and  hospital  in  the 
city  proper,  the  Company  has  great  coalbunkers  with  a  capacity  of 
over  20,000  tons,  along  the  water  front,  to  enable  vessels  to  load  coal 
with  dispatch  and  at  least  expense.  Along  the  water  front,  also,  are 
splendid  wharves,  and  wheat  warehouses  with  a  capacity  of  7,000,000 
bushels,  at  which  the  immense  ocean  ships  discharge  and  receive  their 
various  cargoes. 

The  Northern  Pacific  has  a  new  main  line  consisting  of  44  miles  of 
double  track,  south,  from  Tacoma  to  Portland.    This  new  fine  avoids 

[Page  p5] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


Some  of  Tacoma's  Business  Marts. 

the  old  and  heavy  grade  leading  out  of  Tacoma,  follows  the  shore  of 
Puget  Sound  to  Point  Defiance  and  there  tunnels  under  a  narrow  neck  of 
land,  swings  around  to  another  shore  of  the  Sound  and  then  follows  a 
generally  southerly  course  to  its  connection  with  the  old  main  hne  at 
Tenino.  This  new  line  is  laid  with  90  pound  rails  and  is  intended  for  the 
rapid  handling  of  heavy  traffic  and  fast  passenger  trains.  The  curvature 
is  limited  to  three  degrees  and  the  maximum  grade  to  three-tenths  of  one 
per  cent.  The  entire  hne  between  Seattle-Tacoma  and  Portland  is  now 
double  tracked  and  completely  equipped  with  the  automatic  block 
signal  system,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  up-to-date  pieces  of 
railway  track  in  this  country. 

The  harbor  at  Tacoma  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  world.  Ample  ac- 
commodations for  the  largest  deep  sea  vessels  are  provided,  and  new 
port  terminals  to  cost  $2,500,000  are  under  construction. 

Tacoma  has  a  large  number  and  variety  of  manufacturing  enter- 
prises. Immense  quantities  of  wheat,  flour,  lumber  and  coal,  all  products 
of  the  State  of  Washington,  are  exported  to  the  markets  of  the  world, 
and  a  large  proportion  of  the  imports  from  China  and  Japan  to  the 
United  States  and  Canada  pass  through  this  port. 

Electric  and  cable  roads  connect  all  parts  of  the  city,  and  the  many 

[Page  94l 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

miles  of  such  lines  in  the  city  and  suburbs  are  supplied  from  the  power 
works  at  Electron  near  the  base  of  Mt.  Rainier,  Lake  Tapps  and  the 
municipal  power  plant  at  Nisqually  Canyon.  There  is  also  under  con- 
struction a  125,000  horse  power  hydro-electric  plant  at  Lake  Cushman 
in  the  Olympic  Range  across  the  Sound. 


iPaee  951 


oAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

Tacoma  has  1,200  acres  of  public  parks,  Point  Defiance  Park,  640 
acres,  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city,  being  a  large  and  very  attractive  one. 
Wright  Park  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  is  another. 

Tacoma's  educational  advantages  are  many.  Besides  her  fine  public 
schools  there  are  the  Annie  Wright  Seminary  for  young  ladies,  the  Puget 
Sound  University,  Vashon  College,  and  the  Pacific  Lutheran  University. 
There  are  100  churches  of  all  denominations. 

Stadium  High  School  was  originally  intended  for  a  mammoth  hotel, 
but  has,  finally,  been  utilized  for  educational  purposes.  It  lies  high  up 
on  the  hillside,  overlooks  Commencement  Bay,  and  is  a  noble  building. 
It  cost  $500,000  and  accommodates  2,000  students.  A  very  fine  stadium 
or  Grecian  Amphitheatre  is  maintained  in  connection  with  the  school. 
This  unique  and  valuable  adjunct  to  Tacoma's  educational  facilities  has 
a  seating  capacity  of  30,000  persons  and  cost  $135,000.  Lincoln  High 
School,  recently  completed,  cost  $450,000. 

Tacoma  is  well  supplied  with  hotels.  The  Tacoma  having  a  com- 
manding situation  on  the  bluflP  overlooking  the  water  and  with  Mt. 
Rainier  in  full  view. 

The  manufacturing  plants  of  Tacoma  turn  out  a  product  aggregating 
$108,000,000  yearly. 

Tacoma  was  selected  as  the  site  for  a  city  in  1872.  The  name,  ac- 
cording to  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  is  an  adaptation  of  one  of 
several  Indian  names  for  the  magnificent  mountain  seen  to  the  south. 

Steilacoom,  on  an  arm  of  the  Sound  and  near  the  city,  is  one  of  the 
old  time  settlements  and  a  place  where  many  Tacomans  spend  the 
summer  in  cottages.     It  is  reached  by  trolley  cars. 

The  famous  Puyallup  and  White  River  valleys  He  tributary  to 
Tacoma.  These  valleys  produce  some  of  the  finest  hops  in  the  world, 
also  enormous  quantities  of  berry  fruits  of  the  finest  quaHty.  At  Puy- 
allup there  is  one  of  the  largest  co-operative  canneries  in  the  world. 

The  country  around  and  tributary  to  Tacoma  is  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  fruits,  hay,  hops  and  vegetables.  It  is  a  level,  gravelly,  park- 
like region,  with  hundreds  of  miles  of  splendid  roads  that  afford  the 
greatest  pleasure  to  automobilists. 

Large  coal  mines  are  in  constant  operation  in  the  mountains  within 
a  radius  of  thirty-five  miles;  there  are  also  several  hundred  coke  ovens. 

Seattle  and  Tacoma  are  the  principal  ports  in  connection  with 
Alaskan  trade  and  the  Alaskan  tourist  trip.  There  are  several  steamers 
plying  regularly  between  the  Sound  and  various  ports  of  Alaska,  the 
trade  with  which  forms  an  important  item  of  Coast  commerce. 

Regular  steamship  lines  are  operated  from  both  Tacoma  and  Seattle 
to  San  Francisco,  Central  America,  Hawaiian  Islands,  China,  Japan, 
Philippine  Islands,  Northern  Europe,  and  between  the  Sound  and  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  European  points  via  the  Panama  Canal. 

The  waters  of  Puget  Sound  teem  with  ninety-five  varieties  of  food 
fish,  the  capture  of  which  gives  employment  to  thousands  of  men.  Most 
of  the  product  of  the  fisheries — halibut,  cod,  salmon,  etc.,  is  shipped  in 

[Page  96] 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


j^S>% 


i 


O'BV  GirpbRft  FOP  NO» 


Volcanic  Needles  at  Foot  of  Grand  Canyon.   Yellowstone  Park. 
[Page  97] 


cXlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


The  Narrows,    Vancouver,  British  Columbia. 


refrigerator  cars  to  Eastern  markets.  Large  quantities  of  salmon  are 
canned  at  the  various  Puget  Sound  canneries.  This  constitutes  a  very 
important  item  in  commercial  lines.  The  fisheries  give  employment  to 
10,000  men  and  add,  it  is  stated,  $4,000,000  to  the  wealth  of  the  state. 

Fifteen  miles  from  Tacoma  is  Camp  Lewis,  a  permanent  Government 
Army  Camp  and  maneuver  ground,  where  a  complete  division  of  soldiers 
is  constantly  maintained. 

The  Camp  encloses  63,000  acres  of  beautiful  prairie  surrounding 
American  Lake  and  was  donated  by  the  people  of  Tacoma  and  Pierce 
County  to  the  Government. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railway  hne  runs  through  the  Camp  and 
furnishes  daily  freight  and  passenger  train  service. 

OLYMPIA 

Population:  7,795 — Altitude:  10  Feet 
Olympia,  the  capital  city  of  Washington,  the  county  seat  of  Thurston 
County,  the  center  of  the  oyster  growing  industry,  is  surrounded  by 
both  a  wealth  of  timber  and  a  rich  region  of  farms  and  fruits,  and  pro- 
vides a  most  desirable  community  in  which  to  live  and  work.  It  is 
situated  on  one  of  the  deep  water  arms,  at  the  tip  end  of  Puget  Sound. 
It  is  dominated  by  mountains  east  and  west,  and  four  state  highways 
radiate  from  Olympia.     It  is  on  the  direct  hne  of  the  Northern  Pacific 

[Page  9«] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highways 


Chuckanut  Drive  Along  Puget  Sound  Near  Bellingham,   Washington. 

from  Seattle,  Tacoma  and  other  Puget  Sound  points,  to  Gray's  Harbor 
and  the  ocean.  A  city,  prosperous  both  commercially  and  industrially, 
having  substantial  homes,  paved  and  shaded  streets,  attractive  drives 
and  parks,  Olympia  grows  steadily  and  develops  its  motto,  "The  Open 
Door  of  Opportunity." 

EVERETT 
Population:  27,644— Altitude:  22  Feet 
Everett  is  but  a  short  distance  from  Seattle  and  is  conveniently 
reached  by  either  rail  or  boat.  It  is  a  very  progressive,  well  built  city 
and  has  a  great  many  saw  and  shingle  mills.  A  paper  and  pulp  mill  here 
turns  out  26  tons  of  paper  daily.  This  is  the  greatest  log  market  in  the 
world  and  the  most  important  lumber  and  shingle  point  in  Washington. 
Its  monthly  payroll  aggregates  more  than  $200,000.  There  are  good 
hotels,  it  is  a  fme  residence  city,  and  it  is  a  city  the  tourist  should  visit. 
Everett  affords  beautiful  vistas  of  the  Sound  and  mountains. 

BELLINGHAM 

Population:  25,585— Altitude:  71  Feet 
Bellingham  lies  well  up  the  Sound  toward  the  International  bound- 
ary. It  was  formerly  known  as  Fairhaven  and  Whatcom,  the  con- 
solidation under  the  present  name  taking  place  in  1903.  The  city  is 
situated  on  Bellingham  Bay,  almost  a  fresh  water  harbor,  opposite  the 
San  Juan  Islands.  It  is  a  great  manufacturing  place  and  boasts  the 
largest  shingle  mill  and  largest  salmon  cannery  in  the  world.  There  are 
large  oyster  beds  here  and  the  country  tributary  to  the  city  is  a  splendid 

{Page  pp] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 

timber  and  farming  country  with  good  water  power.  A  state  Normal 
school  is  located  here.  Lake  Whatcom,  nearby,  is  a  beautiful  lake  and 
pleasure  resort. 

VICTORIA,  B.  C— VANCOUVER,  B.  C. 

Victoria — Population:  (Est.)  45,000 — Altitude:  10  Feet. 
Vancouver — Population:  (Est.)  250,000 — Altitude:  14  Feet. 

The  trip  to  Victoria  and  Vancouver,  British  Columbia  by  water  is 
an  attractive  and  rather  unusual  one  and  deserves  special  mention. 
These  cities  are  particularly  interesting  and  the  ride  from  and  to  Seattle 
over  the  waters  of  the  Sound,  stopping  at  Port  Townsend  en  route,  is 
one  that  should  surely  be  enjoyed  by  everyone  who  journeys  to  the 
coast.  The  steamers  are  large,  thoroughly  modern  and  seaworthy,  new, 
and  even  elegantly  equipped.  The  cities  themselves  welcome  tourists 
and  have  much  that  is  new,  interesting  and  novel  to  Americans  es- 
pecially. These  two  cities  pride  themselves  upon  their  beautiful  natural 
parks  and  drives.  At  Victoria  the  Parhament  buildings,  the  ride  along 
the  harbor  shore,  and  the  new  Empress  Hotel  will  attract  attention, 
and  the  auto  ride  through  Stanley  Park,  with  its  big  trees,  at  Van- 
couver, will  never  be  forgotten. 

Rainier    National    P  a  rk— Washington 

The  Mount  Rainier  Forest  Reserve  comprises  2,146,000  acres  of 
land  in  the  Cascade  Mountain  region  of  Washington.  Within  this  area  is 
the  Rainier  National  Park,  a  park  similar,  in  its  purposes,  to  the  other 
National  Parks.  It  is  reached  by  auto  from  both  Seattle  and  Tacoma. 
The  highways  are  very  fine.  The  central  feature  of  the  park  is  Mt. 
Rainier,  or  Tacoma,  as  the  Tacoma  people  may  call  it,  an  ice  clad  peak 
14,408  feet  high  and  one  of  exceptional  majesty  and  grandeur.  An 
Indian  name  for  the  mountain  was  Tahoma,  another  was  Tacobet,  the 
meanings  being  "nourishing  breast"  and  **snow  covered  mountain." 
Capt.  Geo.  Vancouver,  an  English  navigator,  in  1792  discovered  this 
mountain  and  named  it  Rainier  after  Rear  Admiral  Rainier  of  the 
British  Admiralty  and  the  U.  S.  Government  has  adopted  it  as  the 
proper  and  official  name. 

Paradise  Park,  on  the  southern  slope  of  the  mountain,  is  a  large, 
wild,  mountain  park  reached  by  a  magnificent  automobile  highway, 
three  hours'  ride  from  Tacoma.  It  is  a  part,  or  a  sub-park,  of  Rainier 
National  Park  and  is  a  glorious  region  for  camping.  The  flora  is  a 
marvelous  one.  The  glaciers  of  the  great  mountain  extend  down  into 
Paradise  Park  and  are  easily  accessible.  The  grand  ice  covered  peak 
itself  appears  to  loom  immediately  overhead  and  the  boom  of  the 
avalanches  near  Gibraltar  is  distinctly  heard,  although  the  summit  is 
several  miles  distant.  Indian  Henry's  Hunting  Ground  is  another 
natural  park  on  the  western  slope  of  the  mountain. 

The  tourist  accommodations  are  at  the  south  side  of  the  mountain, 

[Page  700 ] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


Observatory   on    Vancouver   Island  Near   Victoria.   British   Columbia. 


at  Longmire  Springs,  the  park  terminal  for  autos  and  tourists,  with  a 
fine  auto  road  to  Paradise  Park  and  a  good  trail  to  Indian  Henry's 
Hunting  Ground.  A  good  tent  camp  is  in  operation  at  Indian  Henry's 
Hunting  Ground. 

[Page   loi] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

The  Rainier  National  Park  Company  maintains  transportation  and 
ticket  offices  at  Seattle,  Tacoma  and  Portland.  Daily  schedule  touring 
car  service  will  be  operated  from  Tacoma  and  Seattle  from  June  15  to 
September  15.  Or  a  combination  rail  and  auto  trip  to  Ashford  and  the 
park  may  be  made. 

Park  tourist  tickets  are  obtainable  at  Northern  Pacific  agencies,  in 
general,  throughout  the  country.  The  Park  is,  like  the  Yellowstone  and 
other  National  Parks,  well  supplied  with  first  class  hotels  and  camps. 
The  National  Park  Inn,  at  Longmire  Springs,  and  Paradise  Inn,  at 
Paradise  Park,  or  Valley,  as  some  call  it,  are  entirely  modern  and  strictly 
on  the  American  plan.  Only  guests  who  take  all  their  meals  at  the 
hotels  may  register.  Paradise  Camp,  and  to  some  extent  other  tent 
quarters  at  Longmire's,  afford  other  independent  camp  accommodations. 
Nearly  15,000  persons  were  guests  at  Paradise  Inn  in  1920,  and  the  total 
Park  registration  for  that  season  from  points  east  of  the  Mississippi 
River  exceeded  6,000. 

Guide  service  is  maintained  and  also  horseback  and  hiking  excursions 
about  the  mountain  and  the  glaciers.  An  auditorium  provides  for 
moving  picture  and  stereopticon  exhibitions. 


Seattle    toSuma  s  — W  ashington 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railway  line  running  north  from  Seattle  passes 
through  Woodinville,  Snohomish,  Hartford,  Arlington,  McMurray, 
Sedro-Woolley  and  Wickersham  to  Sumas  on  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  at  the  boundary.  The  Railway  Company  has  spent  large  sums 
in  rebuilding  its  line  between  Seattle  and  Sumas  in  recent  years.  Grades 
have  been  reduced,  curves  taken  out,  and  heavier  rails  substituted  for 
lighter  ones.  The  towns  here  named  have  grown,  primarily,  from  the 
great  lumber  business  found  along  this  line.  They  are  very  prosperous, 
and  as  the  country  is  denuded  of  its  timber  the  cutover  lands  are  di- 
verted to  agriculture,  the  towns  accordingly  continuing  to  grow  and 
prosper.  The  line  runs  to  a  great  extent  through  the  heavy  forest,  with 
beautiful  clearings  and  valleys  and  shadowy  streams  diversifying  the 
scenery.  The  production  of  shingles  and  lumber  in  the  region  served 
by  it  is  enormous.  The  great  fertility  of  the  soil  will  be  noted  in  the 
farms  seen  from  the  train. 

Through  Northern  Pacific  trains  run  daily  between  Seattle  and  Van- 
couver, British  Columbia.  At  Hartford  connection  is  made  for  points 
on  the  Monte  Cristo  line,  at  Arlington  for  Darrington,  and  at  Wicker- 
sham, for  Bellingham. 

On  this  northern  trip  Mount  Baker,  10,730  feet  in  altitude  and  a 
magnificent  glacial  and  timber  covered  peak,  is  the  pronounced  feature 
of  the  landscape,  in  fact,  of  the  entire  region  about  the  Internationa) 
Boundary. 

[Page  I03l 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Fishing  for  Salmon  on   the  Columbia  River. 

Puget     Sound      to      Portland 

CENTRALIA— CHEHALIS 

Centralia — Population:  7,549 — Altitude:  188  Feel 
Cbebalis— Population:  4,558— Altitude:  188  Feel 

Centralia  and  Chehalis  are  the  twin  cities  of  Lewis  County.  They 
are  about  four  miles  apart,  and  are  very  enterprising  young  cities. 
Centralia  has  many  large  wood  working  plants.  Chehalis  is  the  county 
seat  of  Lewis  County  and  has  a  large  and  growing  trade. 

The  surrounding  country  is  good  for  diversified  farming,  for  dairying 
and  fruit  especially,  and  the  timber  interests  are  very  valuable. 

Centraha  is  the  junction  of  the  main  hne  with  the  Gray's  Harbor 
line  running  west  to  Elma,  Aberdeen,  Ocosta,  Bay  City,  Hoquiam  and 
MocHps,  the  latter  point  near  the  Quiniault  Indian  Reservation. 

At  Chehahs  a  branch  hne  leaves  the  main  line  running  westward  to 
Willapa  Bay,  Raymond,  and  South  Bend  and  the  ocean  beaches  lying 
beyond  Willapa  Bay. 

These  lines  furnish  good  train  service  between  their  respective  lo- 
calities and  the  cities  on  Puget  Sound  and  with  Portland. 

Those  who  stop  for  any  time  in  the  Puget  Sound  country  should 
certainly  visit  the  Gray's  Harbor  and  Willapa  Harbor  regions  and  the 
ocean  beaches. 

iPage  103I 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Columbia  River  Highway  at  Mitchell's  Point.     The  Road  Is  Cut  from  the  Cliff. 


CASTLE  ROCK 

Population:  829 — Altitude:  59  Feet 

Castle  Rock  is  the  nearest  point  to  beautiful  Mt.  St.  Helens  which 
rises  to  a  height  of  9,697  feet,  and  is  the  point  from  which  the  St.  Helens* 
mining  districts  are  reached.  Considerable  timber  is  found  in  the  ad- 
joining regions. 

The  railway  here  follows  the  Cowlitz  River,  an  important  tributary 
of  the  Columbia  in  this  region  and  navigable  for  many  miles  by  small 
steamers. 

[Page  /04] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 

Heavy  expenditures  have  recently  been  made  in  double  tracking  and 
otherwise  improving  the  road  and  service  on  this  part  of  the  line. 

KELSO 

Population:  2,228— Altitude:  26  Feet 

Kelso  is  also  on  the  Cowlitz  River  near  its  junction  with  the  Co- 
lumbia River.  It  is  supplied  with  the  conveniences  of  present  day 
towns.  It  is  a  wood-working  manufacturing  town  and  has  also  a  fine 
agricultural  country  surrounding  it,  raising  grain,  vegetables  and  fruits. 
A  considerable  quantity  of  fish  are  caught  and  packed  here. 

The  timber  in  the  adjacent  region  has  been  and  still  is  a  very  valuable 
asset  commercially.  The  cutover  lands,  as  they  are  called  after  the 
timber  is  gone,  are  equally  valuable  for  dairying,  fruit  and  general 
farming  purposes.    The  winter  seasons  are  mild  and  enjoyable. 

KALAMA 

Population:  J, 2 28— Altitude:  21  Feel 
From  Kalama  the  Northern  Pacific  track  and  trains  follow  the  north 
bank  of  the  Columbia  to  Vancouver,  Washington,  and  thence  to  Port- 
land. The  old  time  ferriage  of  trains  across  the  Columbia  River  between 
Kalama  and  Goble  was  a  pleasing  diversion.  Trains  now  cross  the 
Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  between  Vancouver  and  Portland  on 
massive  double  track  bridges  of  finest  construction.  Kalama  is  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Cowlitz  River  and  its  junction  with  the  Columbia.  The 
town  is  picturesquely  located  on  the  river  hills  overlooking  the  noble 
river  immortalized  by  Bryant  as  the  Oregon. 

VANCOUVER,  WASH. 

Population:  12,637— Altitude:  68  Feet 

Vancouver,  Wash.,  is  the  old  historic  seat  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Co., 
the  site  of  Vancouver  Barracks,  one  of  the  most  attractive  U.  S.  Army 
military  posts  in  the  country.  The  city  is  an  interesting  one,  backed  by 
a  rich  fruit  and  agricultural  region  and  is  growing  very  rapidly.  It  has 
a  heavy  timber  acreage  with  many  sawmills  tributary  to  it.  It  is  in 
close  communication  with  Portland  by  boat,  steam,  and  trolley  lines. 

Between  Vancouver  and  Portland  the  Columbia  and  Willamette 
rivers  are  spanned  by  enormous  steel  and  concrete  railway  bridges 
carrying  double  tracks,  in  which  the  Northern  Pacific  is  a  very  heavy 
owner. 

Gray's    Harbor    Li  n  e— Wa  s  h  i  n  g  t  o  n 

ELMA 

Population:  1,253— Altitude:  69  Feel 

Elma,  in  the  fertile  Chehalis  River  Valley,  is  a  growing  place  sur- 
rounded by  country  well  adapted  to  agriculture,  with  timber  for  fuel 
and  commercial  uses  at  hand  in  almost  an  unlimited  quantity. 

The  timber  resources  of  this  region  are  almost  beyond  enumeration. 

[Page  105^ 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


m 


Mist   Falls,    ill   Its  Stairway  Descent  down  Lava   Cliffs   to   the   Columbia  Highway   and  River. 

These  consist  of  fir,  spruce,  ash  and  maple,  and  there  are  large  quantities 
of  coal,  brick  and  potters'  clay,  etc.,  also  found.  The  cutover  timber 
lands  make  the  best  of  farms,  and  they  are  obtainable  at  low  prices. 

MONTESANO 

Population:  2,158 — Altitude:  21  Feet 
Montesano,  the  county  seat  of  Chehalis  County,  is  the  head  of 


iPage  106} 


(vllong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

navigation  on  the  Chehalis  River.  It  has  many  sawmills,  sash  and  door, 
and  woodworking  factories,  and  is  a  thriving  lumber  town.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  a  good  farming  country,  dairying  being  made  some- 
what of  a  specialty. 

The  region  with  its  hills  and  valleys,  water  courses  and  large  harbor, 
is  a  very  interesting  one  with  a  climate  mild  and  agreeable. 

ABERDEEN— HOQUIAM 

Aberdeen — Population:  15,337 — Altitude:  10  Feet 
Hoquiam — Population:  10,058 — Altitude:  10  Feet 

Aberdeen  and  Hoquiam  are  located  on  historic  Gray's  Harbor, 
named  after  Captain  Gray,  the  discoverer  of  it  and  also  of  the  Columbia 
River.  They  are  three-  tciiles  apart.  Their  interests  are  essentially  the 
same  and  consist  largely,  of  timber  products,  the  same  as  do  those  of 
Cosmopolis  and  Montesaiio,  their  neighbors.  Many  saw  and  shingle 
mills,  fish  and  clam  canneries  are  found  here.  Large  cargoes  of  lumber 
and  timber  are  shipped  by  water  to  distant  ports  from  these  busy  cities. 
The  harbor  is  a  good  one  aii^  there  are  magnificent  forests  tributary  to 
the  mills.  .'^^t 

When  cleared  the  land'rriakes  good  farms  and  fruit  ranches.  This 
fact  cannot  be  too  strongly  emphasized. 

COSMOPOLIS 

Population:  1,512 — Altitude:  11  Feet 

Cosmopolis  is  another  of  the  sturdy,  growing  lumber  towns  of  the 
Gray's  Harbor  country.  It  lies  across  the  Chehalis  River  from  Aber- 
deen, has  many  sawmills  and  woodworking  plants  and  is  a  modern 
lumber  town. 

What  has  been  stated  heretofore,  regarding  the  timber  values  of  the 
coast  region  and  the  conditions  surrounding  agriculture  and  dairying 
on  the  timber  denuded  lands,  applies  to  the  Gray's  Harbor  country  as 
well.    It  is  a  country  worth  investigating  by  the  homeseeker. 

At  Moclips,  Westport,  Pacific,  and  Sunset  beaches  there  is  delightful 
ocean  bathing.  There  are  hotels  or  cottages,  or  both,  fine  white  beaches 
and  a  surf  that  will  prove  most  attractive  to  those  who  love  a  dip  in  the 
ocean  wave.  These  beaches  are  really  something  very  fine  and  a  con- 
venient train  service  between  the  important  central  coast  cities  and 
these  points  is  in  effect  during  the  tourist  season. 

A  few  miles  above  Moclips  the  Quiniut  Indians  may  be  seen  on  their 
reservation.  They  live  in  houses,  fish,  make  baskets,  and  a  trip  to  their 
town  of  Granville  is  one  of  the  diversions  of  a  stay  at  these  beaches. 

South    Bend    L  i  n  e  — Wa  s  h  i  n  g  t  o  n 

PEELL 

Population:  861 — Altitude:  412  Feet 
Pe  Ell  is  a  lumber  town.    There  are  heavy  bodies  of  timber  tributary 
to  it,  among  the  varieties  being  alder,  the  only  hardwood  that  grows  on 

[Page  io7'[ 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway 


'Break,   Break.   Break,  on   Thy  Cold  Gray  Stones,   O  Seaf'^On  the  Oregon  Const. 


this  part  of  the  coast  in  commercial  quantities.  There  is  some  un- 
developed water  power.  The  town  is  well  supphed  with  stores,  churches, 
etc. 

The  region  on  the  South  Bend  branch  has  been  steadily  forging 
to  the  front.  As  the  timber  is  cut  away  the  country  gradually  changes 
to  an  agricultural  one  and  its  continued  growth  and  prosperity  is  thus 
assured. 


RAYMOND 

Population:  4,260 — Altitude:  11  Feet 

This  Stirring  town  is  located  on  the  Willapa  River  a  short  distance 
above  South  Bend.  It  is  a  thoroughly  modern  wood  manufacturing 
town  on  tidewater,  with  enormous  quantities  of  timber  tributary.  It 
is  growing  and  is  supplied  with  modern  conveniences.  The  river  valley 
lands  are  rich  and  mature  good  crops  of  grain,  fruit  and  vegetables. 
Free  factory  sites  are  offered  to  manufacturing  plants. 

The  town  is  advantageously  located  as  to  both  timber  resources  and 
agricultural  products. 

[Page  108I 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwajr 


ji 


Mt.  Rainier,    14,408  Feet  Altitude,   the  Monarch  of  the  North  Pacific  Coast. 


SOUTH  BEND 

Population:  1,948 — Altitude:  11  Feet 

South  Bend  is  a  very  attractively.  located  city  on  Willapa  River  just, 
above  its  mouth.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  South  Bend  branch  line  from 
Chehalis  and  is  well  equipped  with  saw,  planing  and  sash  and  door 
mills,  fish  canneries,  etc.  At  Willapa  Bay  are  found  the  finest  oyster 
beds  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and  large  shipments  of  oysters  are  made  from 
South  Bend  to  the  Coast  cities.  The  harbor  here  is  well  protected  and 
capacious. 

The  fish  and  oysters  and  other  sea  food  products  are  a  valuable  asset 
of  this  part  of  the  Coast. 

[Page  1091 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


Northern  Pacific  Doubletrack,   Automatic  Block  Signals  and  Train  Between  Seattle,   Tacoma 

and   Portland. 

[Page  iiol 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


PORTLAND 


Population:  258,288— Altitude:  16  Feet 

Portland  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  a  city  of  homes — forty  per  cent  of  its  citizens  owning  their  homes — 
and  fruits  and  flowers,  where  roses  thrive  with  riotous  luxuriance  and 
bloom  outdoors  almost  every  month  of  the  year,  and  because  of  this  and 
its  annual  fete,  the  "Rose  Festival,"  it  is  known  as  the  Rose  City.  The 
city  is  rapidly  growing  and  has  a  rich  region  aggregating  240,000  square 
miles  tributary  to  it  in  which  agriculture  and  horticulture  thrive  and 
flourish.  Portland  also  boasts  some  of  the  finest  hotels,  churches  and 
commercial  blocks  to  be  found  in  any  city  in  the  West. 

Portland  is  a  city  of  heights.  The  city  slopes  upward  and  westward 
from  the  Wiflamette  River  to  a  range  of  hifls. 

From  Council  Crest,  the  highest  point  back  of  the  city  and  of  1,200 
feet  elevation,  the  finest  view  is  found.  Not  only  is  there  a  good  view 
of  the  city  and  its  immediate  environs,  but  the  beautiful  vafley  of  the 
Willamette  River  stretches  to  the  south  and  a  promethean  landscape 
comprising  the  five  white,  ice  covered  peaks,  Mt.  Rainier,  Mt.  St. 
Helens,  Mt.  Adams,  Mt.  Hood,  and  Mt.  Jefl'erson,  together  constitute, 
perhaps,  the  most  magnificent  congeries  of  mountain  pictures  to  be 
found  anywhere.    The  Crest  may  be  reached  either  by  auto  or  street  cars. 

The  parks  of  Portland  are  a  source  of  much  pride  to  the  city.  The 
city  park,  on  the  lower  hifls  back  of  the  city  is  a  fine  and  quite  unusual 
park  for  a  city  park. 

Gladstone  Park,  near  Oregon  City,  about  thirty  minutes*  ride  up  the 
river  by  trofley  cars,  is  a  natural,  wild  domain  of  several  hundred  acres 
in  which  large  native  trees,  ferns,  mosses,  flowers,  natural  springs  and 
running  streams  dehght  and  refresh  one. 

[Page  ///] 


c/4.1ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Willamette    River   Harbor    at    Portland — Reached    by    Ocean    Vessels. 


There  are  many  other  park  areas  and  breathing  spots  easily  ac- 
cessible. 

Portland  has  many  miles  of  shade  trees  along  the  streets  and  most  of 
its  residents  take  pride  in  keeping  up  beautiful  grounds  and  gardens. 
On  the  east  side  of  the  Willamette  the  city  stretches  away  for  many 
miles  into  suburbs  and  the  whole  region  is  traversed  by  electric  car 
lines. 

Portland,  industrially,  and  financially,  is  one  of  the  most  important 
cities  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Few  cities  in  the  United  States  have  a  more 
promising  future.  The  opportunities  for  development  in  the  rich  terri- 
tory of  over  250,000  square  miles  tributary  to  Portland,  are  almost  be- 
yond comprehension.  Rich  in  natural  resources,  in  agricultural  possi- 
bilities, in  potential  water  power  development,  in  minerals,  in  timber, 
in  cattle  and,  in  fact,  practically  all  those  things  which  go  to  produce 
municipal  power  and  wealth,  the  development  and  progression  of  this 
vast  territory  will  make  Portland  one  of  the  great  manufacturing  cities 
in  the  United  States,  and  a  great  American  port. 

Situated  near  the  confluence  of  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers, 
near  the  source  of  production  of  lumber,  wheat  and  many  other  prod- 
ucts, the  shipping  of  the  city  is  growing  by  leaps  and  bounds.  The 
entrance  of  the  Columbia  River  at  Astoria  is  over  42  feet  deep  at  the 
lowest  possible  stage  of  the  tide,  so  that  ocean  vessels  of  the  usual  depth 

iPage  1121 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highwa}^ 


iPage  1131 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


The  Columbia  River  Gorge  from  Columbia  River  Highway. 


may  enter  the  river  unhampered.  As  the  great  industrial  possibihties 
are  developed,  Portland's  prominence  as  an  ocean  port  will  increase. 

Incomparably  beautiful  is  the  now  famous  Columbia  River  High- 
way, a  most  marvelous  piece  of  road  building.  This  supremely  fine 
piece  of  roadway  was  engineered  by  a  Portland  engineer  and  constructed 
by  the  people  of  Portland  and  Multnomah  County  at  tremendous  cost. 
It  is  hard-surfaced  for  seventy  miles  up  the  Columbia  River  through 
the  magnificent  gorge  of  that  stream,  revealing  scenic  beauties — falls, 
dells,  chffs,  canyons,  forest  areas,  vistas  of  river  and  mountain,  and 
winding  roadway  and  broadening  stream — in  rapid  succession  that 
surpass  the  imagination. 

Another  grand  stretch  of  over  one  hundred  miles  constructed  by  the 
State  Highway  Commission,  extends  from  Portland  to  the  enterprising 
and  historic  city  of  Astoria  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River,  and 
thence  to  Seaside,  a  famous  Oregon  beach  resort. 

Nowhere  in  America  can  such  a  wonderful  automobile  roadway  be 
found  as  this  Columbian  masterpiece. 

There  are  daily  railway  trains  to  Astoria,  also  daily  steamboats,  and 
many  steamers  ply  both  up  and  down  both  the  rivers,  bringing  trade 
of  all  kinds  to  Portland  and  covering  1,500  miles  of  inland  water  trans- 
portation. These  trains  and  steamers  provide  the  means  for  many 
charming  trips  to  the  ocean  beaches  near  Astoria  and  Ilwaco,  up  the 
Columbia  to  Cascade  Rapids  and  the  Dalles,  and  into  the  mountains. 
There  are  innumerable  excursions  that  can  thus  be  made  with  Portland 
as  the  center  of  operations. 

[Page  114^ 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highways 

The  distance  from  Portland  to  the  sea  is  1 10  miles.  The  Willamette 
River  flows  into  the  Columbia  twelve  miles  below  Portland  and  the  large 
ocean  vessels  sail  up  to  the  Portland  wharves. 

Ocean  steamers  connect  Portland  with  San  Francisco,  and  the  ports 
of  England,  Central  America,  Japan,  China,  Australia  and  Hawaii. 
Large  ships  load  at  Portland  and  carry  the  grain  of  the  Pacific  North- 
west to  the  markets  of  the  world.  Portland  is  not  only  the  principal 
wheat  shipping  port  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  but  one  of  the  great  ship- 
ping ports  of  the  United  States. 

The  Falls  of  the  Willamette  River,  at  Oregon  City,  twelve  miles 
south  of  Portland,  with  an  energy  of  145,000  horse  power  transmit  by 
wire  to  Portland  electrical  power  to  run  the  street  cars,  light  the  city, 
and  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Oregon  City  has  three  of  the  largest  paper  mills  in  the  country  and 
the  largest  woolen  mill  on  the  west  coast.  One  rnill  has  a  daily  output 
of  170  tons  of  news  paper  and  the  annual  output  of  the  woolen  mill  is 
about  $1,000,000  in  value. 

The  lines  of  the  Oregon  Electric  Railway  and  the  United  Railways 
extend  south  and  west  from  Portland,  affording  frequent  and  con- 
venient passenger  and  freight  service  to  those  sections. 

Spokane,    Portland    ^    Seattle    Railways 

Main   Line 

At  Spokane  connection  is  made  with  the  Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle 
Railway,  owned  jointly  by  the  Northern  Pacific  and  Great  Northern 
lines,  down  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia  River  to  Portland.  This 
line  provides  a  new  and  absolutely  direct  route  to  and  from  Portland, 
over  one  of  the  finest  engineered  and  constructed  roads  and  the  most 
remarkable  scenic  route,  beyond  question,  in  the  country.  It  is  gen- 
erally known  as  **The  North  Bank  Road."  It,  to  a  great  extent,  also, 
opens  a  new  country  to  settlement  between  Spokane  and  Pasco  and 
provides  another  opportunity  for  homeseekers  for  acquiring  fruit  lands 
and  new  farm  and  other  homes  where  land  is  still  reasonably  priced. 
Cheney,  Amber,  Lamont,  a  railway  terminal.  Hooper,  Washtucna  and 
Kahlotus,  are  places  which  will  develop  in  the  future. 

At  Pasco  the  Northern  Pacific  main  line  is  again  reached  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  track  and  bridge  are  used  between  Pasco  and  Kenne- 
wick  in  crossing  the  Columbia  River.  Just  below  Kennewick  the  mouth 
of  the  Snake  River  may  be  seen  across  the  Columbia. 

The  scenery  along  the  Columbia  River,  through  the  Cascade  Range, 
after  leaving  Kennewick,  is  at  first  of  the  most  interesting  sand  dunes  on 
earth;  then  come  mountains  of  gigantic  form  and  features,  forested 
slopes,  cliffs,  rapids  and  a  fall  entirely  across  the  Columbia  over  which 
Lewis  and  Clark  went  in  their  crude  canoes.  Waterfalls  enrapture  one 
and  the  river,  pulsing  with  the  oceans'  tide,  enthralls  you. 

Just  before  reaching  Fallbridge,  the  junction  with  the  Oregon  Trunk 

I  Page  1151 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Mt.     Hood,     Oregon,     San     j, 


iVortli     Bonk"     Trains 
Colnvibia    River. 


on     till      il  <iM,ington    Side    of    the 


Railway,  into  Southern  Oregon,  the  enterprising  town  of  Maryhill  is 
passed.  It  is  a  beautiful  Httle  place  with  orchards  and  vineyards  of  the 
best  type.  The  educational,  church  and  hotel  facilities  are  also  such  as 
add  to  the  attractiveness  of  the  place  for  the  homeseeker.  At  and  near 
Maryhill  are  some  of  the  best  roads  to  be  found  in  the  country.  From 
here  one  has  a  transcendent  view  of  Mts.  Hood,  St.  Helens  and  Adams, 
the  chaste  emblems  of  purity  known  as  the  Guardians  of  the  Columbia. 
Mr.  Samuel  Hill,  the  promoter  of  Maryhill  as  a  fruit  center,  is  a  strong 
advocate  for  good  hard-surfaced  roads  and  has  expended  large  sums 
in  the  perfecting  of  those  near  Maryhill.  Such  a  road,  with  a  splendid 
view  of  snow  white  glacier  capped  Mt.  Adams,  leads  over  the  hills  to 
Goldendale. 

The  Falls,  at  Fallbridge,  and  the  celebrated  Dalles,  at  Granddales, 
12  miles  below,  are  two  of  the  historic  points  on  the  river.  The  stream 
works  through  an  immense  lava  flow,  below  the  falls,  in  several  channels 
full  of  rapids  and  swirls  which  prevent  navigation.  The  falls  extend 
irregularly,  entirely  across  the  river.  While  not  of  great  height  they 
form  a  picture  well  worth  seeing.  At  high  water,  50  to  15  feet  above 
low  water,  the  falls  are  practically  obliterated,  then  showing  only  as  a 

[Page  //6] 


c/41ong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 

marked  curve  or  rapid.  The  Deschutes  River  flows  into  the  Columbia 
River  from  the  south  at  this  point.  While  Lewis  and  Clark  ran  through 
the  Dalles,  as  they  are  known,  with  their  home-made  canoes,  safely  but 
at  imminent  risk  of  hfe,  they  portaged  around  the  falls.  The  Astoria 
Expedition  followed  Lewis  and  Clark  down  this  river  a  few  years  later. 

The  U.  S.  Government  ship  canal  around  the  Dalles  and  Cehlo 
Falls,  affords  uninterrupted  navigation  up  the  Columbia  and  Snake 
rivers  for  long  distances. 

Indians  are  often  found  along  the  river  at  Cehlo  Falls  and  the  Dalles, 
often  engaged  in  spearing  fish.  These  Indians  represent  several  tribes, 
the  Umatilla,  Yakima,  etc. 

At  points  along  the  river  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Dalles,  Mt.  Hood,  on 
the  Oregon  side,  11,225  feet  high  and  covered  with  snow,  may  be  seen. 
Hood  is  one  of  the  great  glacial  peaks  of  the  coast  and  forms  a  striking 
picture  of  majesty  and  beauty.  Below  the  Dalles  is  Memaloose  Island, 
an  old  burial  ground  for  the  Indians.  A  pioneer  white  man  is  buried 
there  and  the  monument  seen  marks  his  grave. 

LYLE— KLICKITAT  VALLEY 

Lyle— Population:  (Est.)  500— Altitude:  20  Feet 

At  Lyle  a  branch  line,  up  the  Klickitat  River  to  Goldendale,  leaves 
the  main  line.  The  Goldendale  region  is  a  rich  and  fertile  one  and  has 
long  been  noted  for  its  grain  productivity.  Under  the  impetus  given 
I)y  the  new  railway  along  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia  this  entire 
region  has  had  a  new  birth.  It  is  already  noted  as  a  fruit  country  and 
orchards  are  rapidly  being  multiplied  all  the  way  from  Kennewick  to 
Vancouver^  Evidences  of  the  transformation  in  progress  can  be  seen 
from  the  train.  Hood  River  apples  and  strawberries  have  shown  what 
this  land  and  climate  will  do  and  the  entire  Columbia  Valley  is  becoming 
a  vast  fruit  region. 

The  scenery  along  the  Columbia  at  this  point  is  of  the  superlative 
character.  The  river  is  wide  and  deep,  the  mountains  are  high,  tim- 
bered, broken  into  basaltic  palisades  and  detached  peaks,  and  are  most 
imposing  in  character.  Scenically,  this  part  of  the  Columbia  River 
cannot  be  surpassed. 

WHITE  SALMON 
Population:  619— Altitude:  101  Feet 

White  Salmon  is  wonderfully  located  several  hundred  feet  above 
the  river  on  sheer  rock  bluffs,  from  which  a  commanding  view  is  ob- 
tained of  Mt.  Hood  and  the  Hood  River  Valley,  across  the  Columbia 
in  Oregon,  and  a  great  sweep  of  the  river  to  the  east  and  west.  To  the 
north  lies  the  beautiful  White  Salmon  Valley,  famous  for  the  superior 
qualities  of  apples,  pears,  peaches,  strawberries  and  other  fruit,  grown 
in  a  country  of  unusual  beauty. 

The  lands  are  being  taken  up  by  a  superior  class  of  persons  and 
orchards  are  rapidly  being  multiplied. 

From  White  Salmon  and  Hood  River,  Cloud  Cap  Inn,  a  delightful 
stopping  place  high  up  on  the  slope  of  Mt.  Hood,  is  reached  by  stage. 

[Page  7/7] 


c>4.1ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


Horsetail   Fall,    One  of   the   Gems   of  the   Columbia  River  Highway  Near  Portland. 

White  Salmon  is  a  delightful  summer  outing  place,  with  first  class 
resort  hotels,  and  from  White  Salmon,  Trout  Lake  and  Mt.  Adams  are 
reached  by  stage — a  trip  worth  taking. 

iPage  //«] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

At  Carson,  just  below  White  Salmon  and  Wind  Mountain,  St. 
Martin's  Mineral  Hot  Springs,  well  known  as  a  comfortable  hot-springs 
recreation  spot,  are  passed.  North  of  Carson,  on  Wind  River,  is  another 
resort  at  Government  Springs,  a  reforestation  station. 

At  Stevenson  there  is  also  a  Hot  Springs  Sanatorium. 

STEVENSON 

Population:  348 — Altitude:  98  Feet 
Cascades  of  the  Columbia 

Between  Stevenson  and  Cascades  the  Cascades  of  the  Columbia 
form  the  marked  feature  of  the  river.  This  obstacle  to  navigation  has 
been  surmounted  by  the  government  constructing  massive  locks  at  a 
cost  of  $3,000,000  through  which  steamers  pass  around  the  Cascades  to 
the  Lower  River. 

At  the  Cascades  is  where  the  mythical  Bridge  of  the  Gods  of  Indian 
folk-lore  was  located.  The  high,  vertical  chffs  and  pahsades  make 
this  one  of  the  most  wild  and  impressive  points  along  the  river. 

Below  the  rushing  Cascades,  Beacon  Rock,  named  by  Lewis  and 
Clark,  looms  up,  a  massive  lava  butte  on  the  Washington  side  and  one 
of  the  prominent  landmarks  of  the  Columbia. 

Just  before  reaching  Cape  Horn,  Lone  Rock,  a  black  obelisk  and 
landmark,  near  the  middle  of  the  river  is  passed.  The  Cape  Horn 
cigar  shaped  pahsades  follow.  They  rise  in  terraces  high  above  and  the 
railway  has  been  tunneled  through  them.  On  the  opposite  shore,  at 
intervals,  several  beautiful  cascades  and  falls  are  seen.  Among  these 
are  Multnomah,  756  feet  in  height.  Horse  Tail,  Latourelle,  Bridal  Veil, 
Wahkeena  and  many  others.  They  form  one  of  the  most  attractive 
features  of  the  Columbia  River  trip  and  are  seen  at  their  best  from  the 
Washington  side. 

From  Granddalles  to  Mt.  Pleasant  the  passenger  views  most  ad- 
vantageously the  wonderful  Columbia  River  Highway  as  it  winds  along 
the  Oregon  shore,  chmbs  the  heights  which  overlook  the  river,  and 
leads  through  rich  farm  lands  to  the  city  of  Portland.  It  probably  has 
no  rival  in  America  in  the  beauty,  richness,  variety  and  expanse  of 
scenery. 

VANCOUVER,  WASH. 

Population:  12,637— Altitude:  68  Feet 

At  Vancouver,  Wash.,  the  train  passes  in  sight  of  Vancouver  Bar- 
racks, a  Government  miHtary  post.  As  before  stated,  the  barracks  were 
the  old  Hudson's  Bay  Company  post  of  the  early  part  of  the  19th 
century.  Vancouver  is  a  very  attractive  city,  is  rapidly  growing,  and 
has  a  fertile  country  to  support  it. 

Here  the  trains  of  both  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Spokane, 
Portland  &  Seattle  railways  cross  the  Columbia  on  one  of  the  largest 
double  track  steel  bridges  ever  constructed,  and  just  before  entering 
Portland  cross  the  Willamette  River  on  another  double  track  steel 
bridge  having  the  longest  draw-span  in  the  world,  521  feet.     Four 

[Page  //p] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highways 


Moonlight   on   Willamette  River,   Ore.,  at  Portland. 
[Pagt  120^ 


c41ong  the  Scenic  Highwa)^ 


In  din  us   S, 


ilinon    at    Celilo   Falls,   Columbia    River,    Oregon. 


million  pounds  of  structural  steel  and  iron  were  used  in  the  construction 
of  this  one  span.  The  Columbia  bridge  is  2,807  feet  in  length  and  the 
Willamette  bridge  is  1,767  feet  long.  They  are  among  the  very  finest 
examples  of  recent  bridge  engineering  and  construction  and  have  "at- 
tracted wide  attention. 

Trains  of  the  Great  Northern,  Southern  Pacific,  and  Oregon-Wash- 
ington Railroad  and  Navigation  Company  railroads  that  run  between 
Portland  and  Tacoma-Seattle,  use  the  Northern  Pacific  tracks,  and 
these  bridges,  to  and  from  Puget  Sound. 


The     Oregon     Trunk     Railwajr 


FALLBRIDGE 

Altitude:  42  Feet 


At  Fallbridge,  on  the  Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle  Railway,  tlie 
Oregon  Trunk  Railway,  another  affiliated  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
leaves  the  S.  P.  &  S.  Ry.  and,  crossing  the  Columbia  River  on  a  fine 
bridge,  follows  the  beautiful  Deschutes  River  and  Canyon  into  Central 
Oregon. 


[Page   ui] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway 

The  bridge,  of  steel  and  concrete,  and  nearly  4,200  feet  long,  crosses 
directly  over  Celilo  Falls — called  by  Lewis  and  Clark  the  Great  Falls — 
on  an  ascending  grade  of  25  feet  to  the  mile.  It  is  50  feet  above  high 
water  mark. 

This  new  line,  with  through  train  service  to  and  from  Portland, 
opened  up  a  large  and  very  fertile  part  of  Oregon  theretofore  without 
railway  facilities.  It  is  a  section  where  both  irrigated  farming  and  dry 
farming  are  carried  on,  where  climatic  conditions  are  congenial,  where 
good  crops  of  all  kinds  are  raised,  and  where  dairying  and  stock  raising 
are  profitably  pursued. 

There  are  large  areas  of  * 'homestead"  lands  available.  It  is  the 
"Haven  of  the  Homesteader,"  and,  practically,  the  last  extensive  do- 
main of  these  lands  not  yet  occupied.  The  soil  is  rich  and  easily  worked 
and  markets  are  good.  Improved  lands  are  obtainable  at  very  low 
prices. 

Among  the  many  towns  that  are  supply  points  for  the  region  and 
are  prospering  are  Dufur,  Madras,  Metolius,  Culver,  Moody,  Sherar, 
Mecca,  Maupin,  Vanora,  Redmond,  Bend  and  Prineville.  The  home- 
seeker  or  young  business  man  seeking  a  virgin  field  that  surely  has  a 
future,  should  investigate  this  part  of  Oregon  served  by  the  Oregon 
Trunk  Line. 

From  Fallbridge  to  Bend  the  railway  climbs  3,452  feet  in  156  miles. 
Its  route  along  the  Deschutes  River  is  of  most  interesting  and  changing 
character,  largely  in  a  highly  colored  canyon,  with  great  shadows  in 
lateral  canyons  and  above  whose  walls  are  great  districts  of  grain  lands 
and,  to  the  westward,  extensive  pine  forests  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Cascade  Mountains. 

The  Deschutes  River  is  one  of  the  great  trout  fishing  streams  of  the 
West,  has  wonderful  potential  power  for  electrical  use,  and  is  one  of  the 
few  rivers  of  great  volume  enjoying  almost  constant  flow,  owing  to  its 
regular  sources  of  supply  impounded  in  the  distant  mountains. 


Spokane,    Portland    ^    Seattle    Railwajr 

Astoria   Line 
ASTORIA 

Population:  14,027— Altitude:  12  Feet 

The  first  American  settlement — in  1811 — on  the  Pacific  Coast  and 
the  first  custom  house  and  postoffice  were  established  at  Astoria.  It 
was  near  the  present  site  of  Astoria  that  Lewis  and  Clark  spent  the 
winter  of  1805-6.  Today,  Astoria,  100  miles  from  Portland,  is  a  thor- 
oughly modern  city,  occupying  a  strategic  location,  commercially,  where 
transcontinental  trains  enter  from  one  side  and  the  ocean  vessels  of  the 
world  from  the  other. 

Fishing,  canning,  lumbering  and  dairying  are  the  factors  of  Astoria's 
commercial  wealth. 

{Page  122] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 


North  Wall  of  Treasure  Cove  On  the  Oregon  Coast. 
[Page  123I 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

The  waters  of  the  Columbia  annually  yield  enormous  quantities  of 
salmon  to  the  fishermen  in  the  vicinity  of  Astoria. 

On  the  lower  Columbia  River  the  western  logging  and  lumber  in- 
dustry may  be  seen  at  its  best,  as  numerous  extensive  mills,  logging 
railroads  and  rafting  waters  are  passed.  Here  and  there  are  fishing 
stations  for  the  receipt  of  salmon. 

About  six  miles  west  of  Astoria,  at  Warrenton,  the  railway  divides, 
a  branch  line  skirting  the  coast  northward  to  Pt.  Adams  and  Fort 
Stevens.  The  main  line  continues  southward  to  the  all-year  outing  places 
on  Clatsop  Beach,  Seaside,  Gearhart  and  HoIIaday,  the  termini  of  the 
line.  Gearhart  has  an  eighteen  hole  golf  course  and  a  salt  water  nata- 
torium. 

Clatsop  Beach  is  devoid  of  the  barrenness  sometimes  associated 
with  the  seacoast.  Here  are  rolling,  grassy  meadows,  groves  of  ever- 
green trees  with  a  background  of  primitive  forest  reaching  to  the  moun- 
tain tops.  It  is  an  all-year  resort,  for  freezing  weather  is  seldom  known, 
and  the  refreshing  and  recreating  influence  of  the  soft  salt  air  and  the 
music  of  the  sea  wave,  in  surroundings  of  unusual  richness  and  beauty, 
entice  lovers  of  nature  and  the  weary  to  this  spot  at  all  seasons. 

Upon  this  vast  natural  veranda  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  hotels,  cot- 
tages, homes  and  camps  abound.  There  are  accommodations  for  all, 
from  first  class  hotels  and  roomy  cottages  to  modest  boarding  places 
and  comfortably  furnished  tents. 

Seaside,  a  city  of  several  thousands  during  the  summer  season,  is 
open  to  visitors  all  the  year.  It  is  well  equipped  with  modern  im- 
provements— paved  streets,  light  and  water.  It  has  numerous  markets, 
stores,  restaurants,  hotels,  boarding  houses,  cottages  for  rent,  tents, 
natatorium,  theatres,  etc.  Crabs,  clams  and  other  sea  foods  are  served 
as  specialties  on  the  tables  of  hotels  and  restaurants.  A  new  hotel 
occupies  a  location  on  the  ocean  front,  provides  accommodation  for 
three  hundred  guests,  and  meets  the  requirements  of  the  best  resort 
patronage.  It  and  other  hotels,  cottages,  rooming  houses,  and  camp 
facilities  provide  a  range  in  accommodation  and  price  to  meet  varying 
wishes  or  needs.  South  of  Seaside  a  good  road  leads  through  a  splendid 
forest  and  over  Tillamook  Head  beyond  which,  for  twelve  miles,  stretch 
the  wide,  hard  sands  of  Cannon  Beach,  a  most  beautiful  combination  of 
fantastic  rocks,  forests  and  ocean  fronts.  The  highway  merges  with 
the  beach  on  a  natural  speedway  of  wave-tamped  sand  and  ends  at  the 
rocky  walls  of  Arch  Cape  as  abruptly  as  it  begins.  Cragged  headlands 
project  into  the  breakers  and  a  series  of  solitary,  imposing  pillars  of 
rock  lend  a  distinction  not  exceeded  on  the  entire  Western  Coast. 
Resort  homes,  camps  and  hotels  are  found  along  this  beach. 

Persons  from  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  holding  all  year  tourist 
summer  tourist  or  special  occasion  tickets  with  Astoria  as  their  destina- 
tion, may  visit  Seaside  free  of  charge  upon  presentation  of  their  tickets 
to  the  S.  P.  &  S.  Ry.  Agent  at  Astoria. 


{Page   If4\ 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway 


Lake  Keechelos  in  the  Cascade  Range  Near  Easton. 

LIST  OF  FREE  PUBLICATIONS 

Issued  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
Of  interest  to  th"e  Tourist  and  Traveler 

Eastward  Through  the  Storied  Northwest Free 

Yellowstone  Park  Booklet '.  .  .  Free 

Along  the  Scenic  Highway Free 

The  Flathead  Country,  Montana Free 

Minnesota  Lakes Free 

The  Storied  Northwest Free 

Story  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Trademark  From  the  Chinese  Monad Free 

Northern  Pacific  Playing  Cards 40  cents  a  pack;  50  cents  on  trains  and  in  Canada 

These  publications  will  be  mailed  free,  and  the  cards  upon  receipt  of  the  amounts  designated,  to  any 

address  upon  request. 

A.  M.  CLELAND,  Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  ST.  PAUL,  MINN. 
Of  interest  to  the  Homeseeker,  Settler  and  Investor 

Farming  and  Fruit  Growing  in  Montana No.  12 

What  Montana  Has  to  Offer  {Map  Folder) No.  13 

North  Dakota No.  14 

Washington  and  Northern  Idaho No.  15 

Montana,  the  Treasure  State No.  17 

List  of  Land  Dealers No.  18 

Suggestions  to  the  Dry  Farmer No.  22 

Minnesota No.  24 

Gallatin  Valley,  Montana No.  06 

These  pamplilels  will  be  sent  FREE  to  any  address. 
In  writing  for  publications  mention  territory  in  wbicb  you  are  interested. 


II.  W.  BYERLY,  General  Immigration  Agent,  ST.  PAUL,   MINN. 

[Page  125] 


o41ong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  has  Passenger  Representa- 
tives in  the  leading  cities  in  the  United  States.  For  details  with  reference 
to  fares,  train  service,  connections,  etc.,  or  any  facts  which  will  aid  in 
planning  a  trip,  or  a  tour  of  Yellowstone  Park  or  Rainier  Park,  write  to: 

Aberdeen  Wash., H.  H.  Griffin.  District  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

Bellingham,  Wash A.N.  Bussing.  General  Agent 

Billings,  Mont J.  E.  Spurling,  District  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

Boston,  Mass.,  217  Old  South  BIdg C.  E.  Foster,  General  Agent 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  658  Ellicott  Square Wm.  G.  Mason.  Trav.  Pass.  Agent 

Butte,  Mont.,  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices,  No.  2  North  Main  St D.  E.  Wilder,  Agent 

Butte,  Mont.,  704  Metals  Bank  and  Trust  BIdg W.  H.  Merriman,  Dist.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agent 

J.  S.  Kemp General  Agent 

Chicago,  III.,  226  W.  Adams  St. — 

J.  H.  Brinkerhotf General  Agent 

Harry  V.  Wilmot District  Passenger  Agent 

John  B.  Hinkson Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

John  F.  Fox Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

R.  E.  Goodemote Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1001  Neave  BIdg W.  C.  Hartnett,  General  Agent 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  708  Hippodrome  BIdg R.  J.  Tozer,  General  Agent 

Hugh  McKelligott Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

Dallas,  Texas,  211  Southwestern  Life  BIdg Charles  Sorg,  Jr.,  Southwestern  Agent 

Detroit,  Mich.,  407  Free  Press  BIdg. — 

Geo.  Barnes General  Agent 

J.  C.  Petres Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

Duluth,  Minn. — 

Con.  Ticket  Offices,  334  West  Superior  St C   P.  G'Donnell,  Agent 

Duluth,  Minn. — 

106  Providence  BIdg J.  I.  Thomas,  District  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

Everett,  Wash CO.  Martin,  General  Agent 

Helena,  Mont. — 

Con.  Ticket  Offices,  No.  56  North  Main  St G.  A.  Miner,  Agent 

Helena,  Mont. — 

1,  2  and  3  Holter  Block E.  S.  Richards,  General  Agent 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  115  Railway  Exchange  BIdg. — 

F.  A.  Acker General  Agent 

O.  L   Stark Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

Karl  K.  Katz Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

Lewiston.  Idaho W.  J.  Jordan,  Trav.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agent 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  508  Central  BIdg J.  L.  Norton.  General  Agent 

Milwaukee.  Wis.,  809  Majestic  BIdg J.  C.  McCutchen,  General  Agent 

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  522  Second  Ave.  So. — 

H.  C.  Hasberg City  Passenger  Agent 

C.  S.  Kirkland City  Ticket  Agent 

Missoula,  Mont R.J.  Dee,  Trav.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agent 

New  York  City,  280  Broadway — 

C.  B.  Sexton General  Agent 

W.  F.  Mershon District  Passenger  Agent 

V.  L.  BeDell City  Passenger  Agent 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  709  Denckia  BIdg.— 

P.  W.  Pummill General  Agent 

L.  Herchelroth Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  518  Park  BIdg. — 

W.  W.  Scully General  Agent 

Clifford  T.  Penn Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

Portland,  Ore.,  Con.  Ticket  Offices,  3rd  and  Washington  Sts. — 

C.  E.  Warren Agent 

Portland,  Ore.,  531  Northwestern  Bank  BIdg. — 

H.  G.  Smith Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

L.  E.  Beach City  Passenger  Agent 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  411  Olive  St.,  Room  301-3 R.  K.  Cross,  General  Agent 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Railroad  BIdg.,  5th  and  Jackson  Sts. — 

L.  P.  Gellerman Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

M.  R.  Johnson. .City  Passenger  Agent 

Geo.  A.  Jobes Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

F.  J.  Elliott Traveling  Immigration  Agent 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  633  Monadnock  BIdg. — 

H.  A.  Manning General  Agent 

J.  F.  Simmons City  Passenger  Agent 

T,  K.  Stateler Agent  Passenger  Department 

[Page  Ii6] 


cAlong  the  Scenic  Highway" 

Seattle,  Wash.,  Con.  Tikt.  Offices.  No.  1010  Second  Ave T.  J.  Moore,  Agent 

Seatfle,  Wash.,  200  L.  C.  Smith  BIdg.— 

E.  L.  Carey General  Agent  Passenger  Department 

J.  T.  McKenney Traveling    Passenger  Agent 

Orville  Neer City  Passenger  Agent 

Spokane,  Wash.,  Con.  Ticket  Offices  Davenport  Hotel,  No.  815-817-819  Sprague  Ave.— 

F.  J.  Greene •. Agent 

Spokane,  Wash.,  202  Exch.  Nat.  Bank  BIdg.— 

W.  H.  Ude General  Agent 

E.  V.  Hunt Assistant  General  Agent 

M.  A.  Berg Traveling  Passenger  Agent 

E.  F.  Baird City  Passenger  Agent 

Spokane,  Wash.,  South  10  Wall  St.— 

C.  E.  Arney Western  Industrial  and  Immigration  Agent 

Tacoma,  Wash.,  112  So.  Tenth  St. — 

R.  T.  Bretz Assistant  General  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

J.  O.  McMuIIen City  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent 

Vancouver,  B.  C,  118  Empire  BIdg.,  601  Hastings  St.  W.— 

H.  Swinford General  Agent 

City  Ticket  Office,  605  Hastings  St.  W. 

C.  E.  Lang City  Passenger  Agent 

F.  C.  Lang » City  Ticket  Agent 

Victoria,  B.  C,  1234  Government  St E.  E.  Blackwood,  General  Agent 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  103-4  First  National  Bank  BIdg S.  J.  Miller,  Dist.  Frt.  and  Pass.  Agent 

Winnipeg,  Man.,  349  Main  St. — 

F.  J.  Berry General  Agent 

T.  J.  O'Donnell City  Freight  and  Ticket  Agent 

Yakima,  Wash H.  A.  Glen,  District  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

PORTLAND,  ORE.— A.  D.  Charlton,  General  Passenger  Agent 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN G.  F.  McNeill,  Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent 

ST.  PAUL,  MINN.— 

J.  C.  Poore Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent 

C.  A   Matthews Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent 

E.  E.  Nelson Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent 

H.  W.  Byerly General   Immigration  Agent 

E.  F.  BENSON  J.  G.  WOODWORTH  A.  M,  CLELAND 

Mgr.  Dept.  of  I  mm.  and  Industry  Vice  President  Passenger  Traffic  Manager 

St.  Paul,  Minn.  St.  Paul,  Minn.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


A  Puget  Sound  Halibut  Fleet. 
[Page   127] 


'9 


NORTHERN   PACIFIC  RAILW^^ 


